난류경계층이 유지되기 위한 에너지 공급은 경계층 내 구조물인 와류들의 상호작용으로 끊임없이 이루어진다. 이러한 난류 유동은 수송분야의 마찰저항 및 해양구조물의 침식 및 진동을 유발하기 때문에 유동 제어를 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 제어의 극대화를 위해서는 난류 에너지 전달이 어떻게 이루어지는지에 대한 메카니즘 규명이 필수적이고, 이를 위해서는 층류경계층 내 유동현상으로 파악하는 것이 명확하고 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 층류경계층 내 평판에 반구를 설치하여 역압력구배을 발생시킴으로써 교란된 유동현상의 상호작용을 분석하였다. 즉, 반구를 둘러싼 목걸이 와류와 반구 표면의 유동 박리에 의한 후류영역에서 머리핀 와류가 생성되어 상호 유기적으로 영향을 주고받는다. 이 과정에서 목걸이 와류는 후류영역으로 높은 운동량의 유체를 유입시켜 머리핀 와류의 발생 주파수를 증가시킨다. 반구 전방에 구멍을 뚫어 국부적인 흡입제어로 목걸이 와류의 와도를 감소시킴으로써 그 영향이 완화되는 과정을 유동 가시화 및 열선유속계로 측정하여 정성 및 정량적으로 분석하였다.

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

In this paper, we study the effect of cooling dehumidification process and wave heat exchanger on the reduction of white smoke and the efficiency by combination of heat exchanger with numerical analysis method. For this purpose, four types of heat exchange systems combined with 5-stage wave heat exchangers were selected to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchange system in the winter condition. As the high temperature exhaust air flowed from HX 1 to HX 5, the final outlet temperatures of the four heat exchange systems(Cases 1, 2, 3 and 4) gradually decreased. The heat transfer rate and dehumidification amount were the best in Case 1 and Case 3, respectively. It can be seen that the heat flow in the heat exchanger is different according to the combination of the four kinds of wave heat exchanger and the fluid flow.

Sb-doped SnO2 (ATO) transparent conducting films are fabricated using horizontal ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (HUSPD) to form uniform and compact film structures with homogeneously supplied precursor solution. To optimize the molar concentration and transparent conducting performance of the ATO films using HUSPD, we use precursor solutions of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 M. As the molar concentration increases, the resultant ATO films exhibit more compact surface structures because of the larger crystallite sizes and higher ATO crystallinity because of the greater thickness from the accelerated growth of ATO. Thus, the ATO films prepared at 0.25 M have the best transparent conducting performance (12.60±0.21 Ω/□ sheet resistance and 80.83% optical transmittance) and the highest figure-of-merit value (9.44±0.17 × 10-3 Ω-1). The improvement in transparent conducting performance is attributed to the enhanced carrier concentration by the improved ATO crystallinity and Hall mobility with the compact surface structure and preferred (211) orientation, ascribed to the accelerated growth of ATO at the optimized molar concentration. Therefore, ATO films fabricated using HUSPD are transparent conducting film candidates for optoelectronic devices.

피카오프레토 등 복합물의 개별인정 시험법인 총 폴리 페놀 시험법에서 Folin-phenol 시약 선정, 발색시약인 35% 탄산나트륨의 반응시간 및 온도, 시료량 등을 비교 실험 하여 총 폴리페놀에 대한 표준화된 시험법을 확립하였다. 총 폴리페놀의 표준화된 시험법의 밸리데이션을 수행한 결과 회수율은 102.3~112.4%, 정밀도의 표준편차는 0.81~ 3.18%였으며 검량선의 직선성은 결정계수(r2)가 0.999이상 을 나타냈고 검출한계는 5 μg/mL, 정량한계는 15 μg/mL 이었다. 유통제품에 대해 표준화된 총 폴리페놀 시험법의 적용성 검토를 위해 1건의 검체를 수거하여 분석한 결과, 총 폴리페놀 표시 함량 대비 105.6%로 적합하였다.

In order to expand the application of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel, a composite material is manufactured by adding mechanically alloyed ODS steel powder to conventional steel and investigated in terms of microstructure and wear properties. For comparison, a commercial automobile part material is also tested. Initial microstructural observations confirm that the composite material with added ODS steel contains i) a pearlitic Fe matrix area and ii) an area with Cr-based carbides and ODS steel particles in the form of a Fe-Fe3C structure. In the commercial material, various hard Co-, Fe-Mo-, and Cr-based particles are present in a pearlitic Fe matrix. Wear testing using the VSR engine simulation wear test confirms that the seatface widths of the composite material with added ODS steel and the commercial material are increased by 24% and 47%, respectively, with wear depths of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The ODS steel-added composite material shows better wear resistance. Post-wear-testing surface and cross-sectional observations show that particles in the commercial material easily fall off, while the ODS steel-added material has an even, smooth wear surface.

본 연구에서는 막결합생물반응조(MBR)공법을 비롯한 하수고도처리공법에서 유입하수량의 변화에 따른 슬러지 특성 변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 일 1.5톤을 처리하는 모형실험시설에서 설계유량 대비 유입하수량을 100, 70, 40, 10%로 변 화시켜가며 이에 따른 비탈질속도(specific denitrification rate)와 비질산화속도(specific ammonia oxidation rate)의 변화를 측 정하였다. 각 공법의 폭기조에서 채취한 슬러지의 비질산화속도는 유입하수량 100% 조건에서 세 가지 공법 모두 유사한 값 (0.10 gNH4/gMLVSS/day)으로 측정되었다. 유입하수량이 70%에서 40%로 감소함에 따라 비질산화속도가 크게 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 비탈질속도 역시 유입하수량이 감소함에 따라 최대 50%가량 감소하였다. 유입하수량이 감소할수록 비탈질속 도와 비질산화속도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나 원수의 총질소 농도와 반응조 내 미생물 농도를 고려하면 질소제거율에 영향을 미칠 정도는 아니었다. 따라서 유입하수량이 감소하는 경우에도 반응조 내 미생물 농도를 높게 유지할 수 있다면 안정적인 질소 제거가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted in order to improve opening efficiency of the miniaturized large-scale net for anchovy boat seine gear to reduce the fleet size. Field experiments were performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distances between the two ships were 150, 300 and 450 m, and the speeds of towing nets were 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 k't, respectively. The vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the miniaturized large-scale net was as follows: the front part of the wing net, 8.7-13.3 m, 51-78%; the middle part of the wing net, 28.1-34.2 m, 55-67%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 31.3-38.5 m, 60-73%; the square and bosom, 22.7-29.6 m, 47-62%; the entrance of the body net, 20.9-26.4 m, 42-52%; the entrance of the bag net, 17.2-21 m, 72-89%; the flapper, 13.2-15.3 m, 78-83%; and the end of the bag net, 13.2-15.7 m, 72-75%. By connecting the net pendants with the front part of the wing net, the opening of the front part of the wing net was significantly improved compared to the traditional gear, which ensured both the wing net and the inside wing net with a normal net height. This, in turn, increased the efficiency of herding. The height of the body and bag nets was also higher than that of the tradition gear. In particular, the body net attached to the gear significantly improved the pocket shape of the gear and reduced the number of fish that were caught and escaped from the bag net, which increased the rate of fishing. The tension of towing nets was measured approximately between 2,958 and 7,110 kg, which indicates that the fleet can tow nets with 350 ps, the standard engine horse power. The fishing operation time was shortened compared with of the existent net, and the large-scale buoy attachment operation was also possible to operate the ship without fish detecting boat.

To determine the bioactive compound of domestic cherry tomato, the levels of lycopene, β-carotene, and phenolic compounds were analyzed in three domestic cherry tomato cultivars (Summerking, Qutiquti, and Minchal) using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The levels of lycopene were 69.40 mg/100 g (Qutiquti), 69.07 mg/100 g (Minichal), and 38.52 mg/100 g (Summerking). The contents of β-carotene were 3.35 mg/100 g (Qutiquti), 2.30 mg/100 g (Summerking), and 2.25 mg/100 g (Minichal). Five phenolic compounds were identified exactly as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, quercetin-3-apiosylrutinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and naringenin chalcone from three domestic cherry tomatoes. Five phenolic compounds were identified partially as two isomers of caffeic acid-hexose, caffeoylquinic acid isomer, di-caffeoylquinic acid, and tri-caffeoylquinic acid from three domestic cherry tomatoes. Naringenin chalcone was the most abundant phenolic compound, ranging from 78.2 mg/100 g for Qutiquti to 222.9 mg/100 g for Summerking. High levels of quercetin-3-rutinoside and 5-caffeoylquinic acid were found, ranging 24.3-50.8 mg/100 g and 31.8-47.6 mg/100 g, respectively. These results suggested that domestic cherry tomatoes can be used as bioactive food materials.

This study was conducted in order to improve fishing gear for existent net of the anchovy boat seine. Field experiments were performed to observe geometry of nets by catcher boats. When the distances between the two ships were 100, 300, and 500 m, and the speeds of towing nets were 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 k't, respectively. The vertical opening and actual opening of each part of the existent net was as follows: the middle part of the wing net, 12.9-26.6 m, 19-39%; the entrance of the inside wing net, 23.3-35.3 m, 40-60%; the square and bosom, 18.4-24.2 m, 37-49%; the entrance of the bag net, 19.0-23.3 m, 79-96%; the flapper, 13.2-15.3 m, 142-161%; and the end of the bag net, 13.2-15.7 m, 51-61%. The actual net opening of each part of the existent nets used in this study was lower than that of the design net height, due to the low net height of the wing net and the inside wing net, it limited a range of the net height of the square and bosom. The opening of the entrance of the bag net caused the net pocket shape and inflated some parts of the nets. The tension of towing nets was measured between 4.4 and 11.0 tons, and it is necessary to reduce the structure and improve the structure of the bag net.

Uniform TiO2 blocking layers (BLs) are fabricated using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition (USPD) method. To improve the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the BL thickness is controlled by using USPD times of 0, 20, 60, and 100 min, creating TiO2 BLs of 0, 40, 70, and 100 nm, respectively, in average thickness on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass. Compared to the other samples, the DSSC containing the uniform TiO2 BL of 70 nm in thickness shows a superior power conversion efficiency of 7.58±0.20% because of the suppression of electron recombination by the effect of the optimized thickness. The performance improvement is mainly attributed to the increased open-circuit voltage (0.77±0.02 V) achieved by the increased Fermi energy levels of the working electrodes and the improved short-circuit current density (15.67±0.43 mA/cm2) by efficient electron transfer pathways. Therefore, optimized TiO2 BLs fabricated by USPD may allow performance improvements in DSSCs.

Background: Patient-centered care has recently become highly recommended, because it can improve health outcomes more effectively than problem-oriented care. The goal attainment scale (GAS) is one of the methods used for patient-centered care. It was originally developed as an outcome measurement tool, but it can also be used as a therapeutic intervention when setting quantifiable patient-centered goals. Objects: We sought to identify the effect of setting patient-centered goals on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with subacute stoke using GAS. Methods: Overall, 46 subjects with subacute stroke were divided into experimental (n1=23) and control (n2=23) groups. Subjects in both groups attended physical therapy sessions five times a week for four weeks. Those in the experimental group set goals using goal-attainment scaling. The mobility of each subject was evaluated using the Rivermead mobility index (RMI); daily-living activities, using the K-modified Barthel index (K-MBI); participation, using the Hopkins rehabilitation-engagement rating scale (HRERS); satisfaction, using the patient-satisfaction scale (PSS). Results: Subjects in the experimental group experienced more significant increases in RMI, HRERS, and PSS than those in the control group (p<.05, p<.05 and p<.01, respectively). After four weeks, GAS scores of the experimental group had increased more significantly than those of baseline (p<.01). Conclusion: Setting patient-centered goals is effective in improving the mobility and satisfaction of patients with subacute stoke. Setting patient-centered goals needs to be performed more frequently in clinical settings.

쑥은 세포 손상과 위염 회복에 효능이 있는 유파틸 린을 가지고 있는 약용작물이다. 본 연구의 목적은 강 화쑥의 온실에서의 주년 생육 특성을 분석하고, 환경 스트레스를 처리하여 유파틸린의 함량을 증대시키는 것이다. 유리 온실에서 강화쑥을 육묘 6주, 정식 후 8 주간 재배하여 생육 특성과 유파틸린 함량을 비교하였 다. 광합성은 상대적으로 고광도인 1,200μmol·m-2·s-1에 서도 포화되지 않았다. 생육속도는 정식 후 2주후에 최고에 도달하였고 정식 후 8주부터 감소하기 시작하 였다. 강화쑥은 다년생 숙근초로 계절 변화에 민감하게 반응하여 봄 여름의 영양 생장기에는 높은 생육과 성 분 함량을 나타내었으나, 가을과 겨울에는 개화 및 월 동으로 인하여 생육 및 유파틸린 성분 함량이 크게 감 소하였다. 따라서 강화쑥의 주년 재배를 위하여는 이를 억제하기 위한 야파 처리의 적용이 필수적인 것으로 판단되었다. 2종류의 스트레스와 1종류의 eliciter를 처 리하였다. 건조 스트레스는 수확 전 5, 6, 7, 8 일간 관수을 중단하였고, 염류 스트레스는 수확 3일전 양액 에 염화나트륨 추가하여 2, 4, 6, 8dS·m-1 농도로 하였 고, 메틸자스모네이트는 수확 3일전 12.5, 25, 50, 100μM 농도로 엽면 시비하였다. 건조 스트레스 처리 구 중 7일 및 8일간 관수를 중단한 경우와 메틸자스모 네이트를 25μM 엽면 시비한 경우 유파틸린 함량이 증 가하였다. 염류 스트레스 처리구에서는 유파틸린 함량 증대가 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 환경 처리를 통해 유용 성분의 증대가 가능하고 의약 원료로써 강 화쑥의 생산성과 품질을 크게 향상시킬 수 있음을 증 명하였다.

There are various manufacturing processes for pure SiO2 that is used as abrasives, chemicals, filters, and glasses, and in metallurgy and optical industries. In the optical fiber industry, to produce SiO2 preform, SiCl4 is utilized as a raw material. However, the combustion reaction of SiCl4 has caused critical environmental issues, such as ozone deficiency by chlorine compounds, the greenhouse effect by carbon dioxide and corrosive gas such as hydrochloric acid. Thus, finding an alternative source that does not have those environmental issues is important for the future. Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS or D4) as a chlorine free source is recently promising candidate for the SiO2 preform formation. In this study, we first conducted a vaporizer design to vaporize the OMCTS. The vaporizer for the OMCTS vaporization was produced on the basis of the results of the vaporizer design. The size of the primary particle of the SiO2 formed by OMCTS was less than 100 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns of the SiO2 indicated an amorphous phase. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the Si-O-Si bond without the -OH group.

This study was investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant of dried Dioscorea bulbifera with various pre-soaking concentrations of oligosaccharide. Dioscorea bulbifera are prepared by additions of 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10% oligosaccharide solution, and dried at 50℃. The effects of pre-soaking percent of Dioscorea bulbifera slices were evaluated by the moisture, soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity, color, browning degree, texture, antioxidant activities and sensory test. According to the percent of pre-soaking oligosaccharide solution was increased, the moisture was increased but soluble solids and titratable acidity were decreased. With respect to the result of colors, Dioscorea bulbifera slices that underwent the 10% pre-soaked process (85.86%) were lighter than control (73.88%). However, the redness and yellowness scores were the lowest than control. The springiness and cohesiveness of texture showed no significant differences among all groups. Gumminess and chewiness of texture results were increased according to per-soaking concentration increase. Also the polyphenol, flavonoid and DPPH (α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activities were significantly increased with increasing immersion concentration. The Dioscorea bulbifera slices supplemented with 6% pre-soaking oligosaccharide solution treatment showed the highest total sensory score. The results of our study indicated that when pre-soaking oligosaccharide solution is used to immerse the Dioscorea bulbifera slice, it has browning inhibition and antioxidant effect.

본 연구에서는 동해 연안의 경상북도(경북)와 강원도(강원)의 정치망어업에서 31년(1980~2010)간 5~11월에 어획된 방어 어획량 과 연근해 수온과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 또한, NOAA 수온 영상을 이용하여 수온의 상승과 하강 시기에 외해수의 이안 및 접안으로 인한 방어의 북상시기(5~8월)와 남하시기(9~11월)의 어획량 변동을 분석하였다. 전체 방어 어획량의 변동은 연도별 차이는 있지만 방어의 북상 시기보다 남하시기에 높은 수온의 외해수가 연안에 접안할 때 어획량이 증가였다. 연안수온의 하강기는 북상 및 남하하는 모든 시기에 경북이 강원보다 방어 어획량이 많았다. 수온 상승기는 방어 어획량의 증감이 동시에 나타났고, 남하시기의 방어 어획량은 일반적인 현상 과 달리 강원이 경북보다 어획량이 많았다. 이것은 하계의 25 이상의 수온이 강원도까지 분포하면서 추계까지 높은 수온(20 )이 지속 되어 방어의 체류시간이 길어졌기 때문이다.

점토를 이용하여 세 종류의 새로운 형태의 변형된 유기물점토를 제조하였다. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)를 점토에 층간 삽입시켜 OC-CPC를 합성하였고, Aluminium 축을 갖는 Al-PILC 만든 후, cetylpyridinium chloride를 Al-PILC에 삽입시켜 IOC-CPC 화합물을 합성하였다. IR과 TGA를 이용하여 이들 구조를 분석한 결과 층간 삽입반응이 성공적으로 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. X-ray 회절을 이용하여 층간 거리를 조사하였는데 OC-CPC가 제일 큰 값을 보여 주었다. 층간 구조를 갖는 화합물들은 삽입반응을 이용하여 구조를 변형시킬 수 있으며 이를 통해 층간거리, 표면적, 공간 크기, 화학적 친화성 같은 여러 물리적 성질들을 바꿀 수 있으므로, 본 논문에서는 자연점토를 이용하여 층간 반응을 통해 휘발성 유기화합물의 흡착에 쓰일 수 있는 유용한 유기점토 화합물을 합성하고 이들의 구조를 확인코자 하였다. 벤젠과 톨루엔의 흡착은 IOC-CPC나 Al-PILC에서 보다 OC-CPC에서 더 잘 이루어졌으며, 자연점토에서는 거의 흡착이 일어나지 않았다. OC-CPC 화합물에서는 친 소수성 성질이 크고 층간 거리도 증가했기 때문에 흡착이 잘 일어났다고 볼 수 있으며, 반면에 친수성이 큰 Al-PILC 에서는 벤젠과 톨루엔 같은 휘발성 유기물에 대한 흡착이 상대적으로 적게 일어났다.