Double-layer graphene nanoribbons promise potential application in nanoelectromechanical systems and optoelectronic devices, and knowledge about mechanical stability is a crucial parameter to flourish the application of these materials at the next generation of nanodevices. In this paper, molecular mechanics is utilized to investigate nonlinear buckling behavior, critical buckling stress, and lateral deflection of double-layered graphene nanoribbons under various configurations of stacking mode and chirality. The implicit arc-length iterative method (modified Riks method) with Ramm’s algorithm is utilized to analyze the nonlinear structural stability problem. The covalent bonds are modeled using three-dimensional beam elements in which elastic moduli are calculated based on molecular structural mechanics technique, and the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions are modeled with nonlinear truss elements. An analytical expression for Young’s modulus of nonlinear truss elements is derived based on the Lennard–Jones potential function and implemented in numerical simulation with a UMAT subroutine based on FORTRAN code to capture the nonlinearity of the vdW interactions during the buckling analysis. The results indicate that the highest critical buckling stress and the minimum lateral deflection occur for armchair and zigzag chirality, both with AB stacking mode, respectively. Moreover, the critical buckling stress is found to be directly dependent on the mode shape number regardless of in-phase or anti-phase deflection direction of layers. Lateral deflection exhibits a similar trend with mode shape in anti-phase mode; however, it is decreasing by increasing mode shape number in in-phase mode.

This work reports utilization of apple leaves as a source of activated carbon. Activated carbon from apple leaves is prepared by two different methods, thermal activation where AC1 is obtained and chemical activation using H3PO4 and ZnCl2 where AC2 and AC3 are obtained, respectively. XRD analysis revealed that all types of prepared ACs have a semi-crystalline nature with a mean crystallite size of 13, 21.02, and 39.47 nm for AC1, AC2, and AC3, respectively. To identify the most suitable desorption temperature, the exothermic behavior was discovered for the three types of ACs by DSC. The exothermic onset temperatures are 340 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, or AC1, AC2, and AC3, respectively. The point of zero charge for the three types of ACs is 8.6, 7.3, and 2.5 for AC1, AC2, and AC3, respectively. The BET surface area analysis data demonstrated that mesoporous structure was developed in AC1 and AC2, while a microporous structure was developed in AC3. Quantum chemical calculations for ACs is carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Application of the prepared ACs in adsorption of basic dye C.I. base blue 47 is studied. The maximum removal efficiency was 65.1%, 96% and 99% for AC1, AC2, and AC3, respectively under the influence of different operating aspects. Adsorption data are modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. The data revealed that adsorption of basic dye C.I. base blue 47 on AC1 follows Langmuir isotherm and adsorption on AC2 and AC3 follows Freundlich isotherm.

This work reveals a modified method for the preparation of activated carbon (P-ACA) using low-cost materials (mix natural asphalt: polypropylene waste). The P-ACA was prepared at 600 °C by assisting KOH and HF. The morphological variations and chemical species of the P-ACA were characterized using SEM–EDX and FTIR. The active surface area, density and ash content of the P-ACA were also investigated. Adsorption properties of P-ACA were used for the thermodynamic and kinetic study of 4-((2-hydroxy naphthalenyl) diazenyl) antipyrine (HNDA), which was prepared as a novel azo dye in this work. The optimal conditions (initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature) of the adsorption process were determined. Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) were applied to the experimental data. These isothermal constants were used to describe the nature of the adsorption system, and the type of interaction between the dye and the P-ACA surface. The results have indicated that the mixture (Natural asphalt-polypropylene waste) is efficient for the synthesis of P-ACA. The synthesized P-ACA demonstrates the presence of pores on the surface with various diameter ranges (from 1.4 to 4.5 μm). Furthermore, P-ACA exhibits an active surface area of 1230 m2 g−1, and shows a high adsorption capacity for HNDA.

COVID-19와 같은 전염병 감염 시나리오 전반에 걸쳐 펩타이드 기반 치료법을 발견하고 설계하는 개발 시대의 추세는 보다 효율적이고 저렴한 치료 환경으로 발전할 수 있습니다. 결과적으로, 그들의 단백질 분해 약화는 천연 펩타이드 약물의 단점 중 하나입니다. 펩티도미메틱스는 이 단점을 해결하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 이 리뷰에서 펩타이드 및 펩타이드 기반 약물 발견은 숙주 안지 오텐신 전환 효소-2(ACE2) 수용체 및 바이러스 스파이크 (S)단백질의 연관성을 포함하는 중증 코로나바이러스 폐색전 증후군(SARS-CoV-2)의 주요 진입 기전 중 하나를 표적으로 요약했습니다. 또한, 펩타이드 기반의 새로운 치료법을 통해 COVID-19에 대해 연구된 단백질, 펩타이드 및 기타 가능한 조치의 이점을 다룹니다. 그리고 펩타이드 기반 약물 치료 환경의 개요는 진화적 관점, 구조적 특성, 작동 한계값 및 치료 영역에 대한 설명으로 구성된다