Ebersole(1995)의 접근법을 사용하여 Massel(1993)의 확장형 완경사방정식에서 유도되는 eikonal 식과 파랑 에너지전송식과 또한 파수의 비회전성을 이용하여 파랑변형을 예측하였다. 완경사방정식에 무시되었으나 확장형 완경사방정식에 고려된 고차의 수심변화 효과, 즉 수심경사의 제곱 및 수심의 곡률이 고려되면 수심변화가 심한 경우에 더 정확한 해석이 될 것이라는 예측이 수치실험 결과 제대로 나타나지 않았다. 이는 수심변화가 심한 경우 eik

Kim Jong-do. 1998. The Study on the Image-Schema Transformations. Studies in Modern Grammatical Theories 12, 141-168. This paper is designed to show an appropriate way to analyse polysemie phenomena by taking a process morpheme. -er as an example. And it emphnsises that their appropriate analysis could be achieved when it is based on the schemathic network categorization model. The model is thought to be able to avoid the problems posed by the traditional categorization and the prototype model. -er is thought to have there contextual meanings: agent, instrument and setting. These meanings can be connected through image-schema transformations. Three schemas which represent their respective meanings can be united through the superschema. On the other hand, the present tense is thought to be polysemous. But its polysemy is caused by transformations applied on another grammatical category aspect. In this point the present tense is not polysemous. This paper also shows that image-schma transformations work on all the grammatical levels, for they are not the superficial grammatical gimmics, but mental activities. Thus all the grammatical phenomena should be analysed ultimately on the base of cognitive activities.

To design a coastal structure in the nearshore region, engineers must have means to estimate wave climate. Waves, approaching the surf zone from offshore, experience changes caused by combined effects of bathymetric variations, interference of man-made structure, and nonlinear interactions among wave trains. This paper has attempted to find out the effects of two of the more subtle phenomena involving nonlinear shallow water waves, amplitude dispersion and secondary wave generation. Boussinesq-type equations can be used to model the nonlinear transformation of surface waves in shallow water due to effects of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, and reflection. In this paper, generalized Boussinesq equations under the complex bottom condition is derived using the depth averaged velocity with the series expansion of the velocity potential as a product of powers of the depth of flow. A time stepping finite difference method is used to solve the derived equation. Numerical results are compared to hydraulic model results. The result with the non-linear dispersive wave equation can describe an interesting transformation a sinusoidal wave to one with a cnoidal aspect of a rapid degradation into modulated high frequency waves and transient secondary waves in an intermediate region. The amplitude dispersion of the primary wave crest results in a convex wave front after passing through the shoal and the secondary waves generated by the shoal diffracted in a radial manner into surrounding waters.

Laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluat the mixing effects on organic removal efficiency to treat low-strength synthetic wastewater using modified anaerobic filter reactor combining anaerobic filter and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Using the modified process the low-strength wastewater like municipal sewage could be treated with 85% T-COD removal efficiency at hydraulic retention time of 6 hours. At the constant organic loading of 0.5㎏ COD/㎥-day, the organic removal efficiency and effluent COD concentration are increased as influent COD concentration increased from 125 ㎎/ℓto 500 ㎎/ℓ. Mixing effects on organic removal efficiency are evident and optimum mixing speed is found as 50RPM. Placing the granular studge and media on which slime layer was pre-formed into the reactor seemed to be very effective in achieving short start-up period. Therefore the steady state was achived after 4 weeks and 1 week based on T-COD and S-COD, respectively.

A theoretical formulation is performed to investigate the wave reflection and transmission ratios by a submerged multi-layered rubble-mound breakwater. This theory, which is based on the linear boundary integral method, can be extended to the multi-layered breakwater with arbitrary cross section. In the theoretical analysis evanescent mode wave is not considered, since fictitious open boundaries are put on the places far from the structure. Therefore the mathematical presentation may be simpler, and computational time shorter. The validity of obtained numerical results is demonstrated by comparing with ones of impermeable and permeable breakwaters. Comparison shows resonable agreement. On the basis of these verifications this theory is applied to the one and two-layered submerged rubble-mound breakwater with trapezoidal type.

The present paper discusses the nonlinear wave deformation due to a submerged coastal structure. Theory is based on the frequency-domain method using the third order perturbation and boundary integral method. Theoretical development to the second order perturbation and boundary integral method. Theoretical development to the second order Stokes wave for a bottom-seated submerged breakwater to the sea floor is newly expanded to the third order for a submerged coastal structure shown in Figure 1. Validity is demonstrated by comparing numerical results with the experimental ones of a rectangular air chamber structure, which has the same dimensions as that of this study. Nonlinear waves become larger and larger with wave propagation above the crown of the structure, and are transmitted to the onshore side of the structure. These characteristics are shown greatly as the increment of Ursell number on the structure. The total water profile depends largely on the phase lag among the first, second and third order component waves.

옥수수 변형단교잡종 채종재배에 있어서 웅주간파 ♂♀ 1 : 2, 2 : 4 등의 파종양식과 재식밀도가 종자친의 생육 및 채종량과 화분친의 웅수특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1983년 제천옥의 종자친 KS8/B68과 화분친 KS5를 공시하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기 및 간장은 파종양식이나 재식밀도에 크게 영향을 받지 않았고 종자친의 착수고는 파종양식간에는 차이가 없었으나 재식밀도가 증가함에 따라 직선적으로 증가하였다. 2. 종자친의 100주당 수수는 10a당 종자친 3,500본에서는 파종양식간에 비슷하나 5,000본 이상에서는 2 : 4 재배보다 웅주간파나 1 : 2재배에서 많았으며 재식밀도 증가에 따라 파종양식에 관계없이 직선적으로 감소하였다. 수당입수는 파종양식간에는 차이가 없고 파종양식과 재식밀도의 상호작용도 유의하지 않았으나 재식밀도 증가에 따라 작아졌다. 100입중은 25g 내외로 처리간 차이가 없었다. 3. 화분친의 화분이 제한되지 않은 조건에서의 채종량은 웅주간파, 1 : 2재배, 2 : 4재배순으로 많은 경향이였고 10a당 종자 친 3,500본에서 5,000본으로 증가시킴에 따라 크게 증가하나 5,000본에서 6,500본으로 재식밀도 증가에 따른 채종량 증가는 크지 않았다. 4. 화분친의 웅수장과 웅수당 영화수는 1 : 2나 2 :4재배에 비하여 웅주간파 재배에서 작았고 재식밀도 증가에 따라 1 : 2 및 2 : 4재배에서는 크게 감소하였으나 2: 4재배에서는 유의하게 작아지지 않았다. 5. 변형단교잡종의 채종에는 1 : 2나 2 : 4재배의 10a당 종자친 5,000본 재식이 적합할 것으로 생각된다.