A 9-year-old, intact female, Pungsan dog was referred for purulent vaginal discharge and depression. Abdominal radiographs revealed gas-filled and soft tissue opacity tubular structures in the mid to caudal abdomen. On ultrasonography, fluid-filled uterus and cervix accompanied by hyperechoic foci and reverberation artifacts were identified. Multiple hyperechoic foci were found within the uterine wall, indicating gas content. Escherichia coli was isolated from aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures. Radiological differential diagnosis of tubular shaped, dilated gas-filled structure, and gas in the wall of the structure should consider emphysematous pyometra with endometrial pneumatosis in intact female dogs with vulvar discharge.

Echeveria is a genus belonging to the Crassulaceae family that comprises approximately 170 species. It is a representative plant known as a succulent with economic potential in the floriculture industry. Echeveria plants are widely distributed in dry environments and endemic to Mexico. These plants have a rosette formation and varied leaf colors and shapes, which are characteristics of interest for landscaping, cut flowers, or interior decoration. Given their range of locations in different climates or indoor conditions, it is important to have an understanding and knowledge of their leaf morphology and anatomy and how they function to provide optimum care and management. Owing to high demand in horticultural markets, many breeders have crossed their desired species. However, this method has progressively increased the number of species without proper records of parents or other natural unintended crossings, creating phylogenetic problems and identification issues. The use and understanding of phenotypes, anatomical data, and/or research to aid in taxonomic issues and improve cultural management practices have been reviewed and discussed in this paper. In this review, we have provided a brief background of Echeveria species, focusing on the challenges and studies that have attempted to address these issues.

21세기 세계선교에서 아시아는 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 아시아 대륙은 지구 면적의 29.4%를 차지하며 2021년말 총인구는 약 46억4천만명이다. 이는 세계 인구의 약 60%에 달하며 아시아에 속한 46개국 가운데 인구가 가장 많은 두 국가는 중국(14억)과 인도(14억)로 이 두 나라의 인구만 약28억명에 달한다. 종교도 다양해서 원시종교로부터 힌두교, 불교, 이슬람교, 신도교, 기독교 등이 공존하지만 종교간의 갈등도 오랫동안 지속되고 있다. 특히 최근에는 기독교에 대한 배척이 심화되어 기독교 선교사 비자를 발급하지 않거나 아예 추방하는 지역도 급증하고 있다. 공산권과 힌두교권, 그리고 이슬람권 국가들의 기독교 배척과 선교사 활동제한은 갈수록 심해지고 있는 실정이다. 이런 상황에서 필자는 더 효과적인 아시아 선교를 위해 KMC와 UMC가 1) 현지인 리더십 개발;2) 평신도 전문인 선교와 비즈니스 선교; 3) 선교인력 동원; 4) 선교 네트워크 나눔; 5) 선교전략회의; 6) 메타버스 & 온라인 커뮤니케이션 선교협력; 7) 선교저 교회개척; 8) 미래를 준비하는 연합사업 영역에서 상호협력할 것을 제언하였다.

Temperature is a crucial environmental factor for rice cultivation due to the climate change and can influence the rice growth and development. Therefore, the effect of temperature on plant growth characters was examined during the vegetative growth stage. Plants were grown under three different temperatures: 23°C/13°C for 18°C, 26°C/16°C for 21°C and 29°C/19°C for 24°C in the phytotron. The temperature was treated after transplanting and ended in early panicle initiation stage. Heading date of the two varieties were strongly affected by the temperature and were delayed in the 18°C. The plant height in the 18°C was 21 % shorter than the 21°C and 24°C and the tiller and leaf number were increased in the 18°C. All the growth rates of the characters were the slowest in 18°C. The stem dry weight was significantly increased in 18°C. Nitrogen content was increased in the leaves of 18°C whereas available phosphate and potassium contents was found to be increased in the stems of 21°C and 24°C. OsNRT2.1 was overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18°C and OsNRT2.3a could be expressed in 18°C and 21°C temperatures whereas more expressed in 21°C. OsPT1 and OsPT6 could be expressed in the leaf of 18°C and 24°C but could be expressed more in the stem of 18°C. OsHAK1 and OsHAK5 could be overexpressed in the leaves and stems of 18°C. For hormone, OsCKX2 gene was found to be up regulated in the leaves of 18°C and OsIAA1 gene could expressed more in the stem of 24°C.

As the 4th industrial revolution emerges, the implementation of smart factories are essential in the manufacturing industry. However, 80% of small and medium-sized enterprises that have introduced smart factories remain at the basic level. In addition, in root industries such as injection molding, PLC and HMI software are used to implement functions that simply show operation data aggregated by facilities in real time. This has limitations for managers to make decisions related to product production other than viewing data. This study presents a method for upgrading the level of smart factories to suit the reality of small and medium-sized enterprises. By monitoring the data collected from the facility, it is possible to determine whether there is an abnormal situation by proposing an appropriate algorithm for meaningful decision-making, and an alarm sounds when the process is out of control. In this study, the function of HMI has been expanded to check the failure frequency rate, facility time operation rate, average time between failures, and average time between failures based on facility operation signals. For the injection molding industry, an HMI prototype including the extended function proposed in this study was implemented. This is expected to provide a foundation for SMEs that do not have sufficient IT capabilities to advance to the middle level of smart factories without making large investments.

Background: For the elderly, masticatory function is one of the most important oral functions and the masticatory ability is related to the wearing of dentures. Many older people wear dentures for their masticatory function, but a significant number of older people who use dentures have found that they feel uncomfortable when performing their daily activities, such as performing masticating functions or talking. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the forward head posture (FHP), respiratory function and thickness of masseter (MS), and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) are affected by the presence or absence of dentures in the elderly, and what kind of correlation there is between these variables. Methods: The study was conducted on 11 patients in the normal group and 13 in the denture group. The participant’s cognitive ability was evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination Korean (MMSE-K), and the FHP was evaluated by measuring the craniovertebral angle (CVA). The thickness of the MS and SCM muscles were measured using ultrasound, and respiration was measured with a spirometry. As for the statistical method, the correlation of each variable was investigated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Results: In the normal group, there was a significant correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (p < 0.001), and in the denture group, FVC and FEV1 (p < 0.001), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) (p < 0.001), CVA and Lt. MS (p = 0.012). Conclusion: CVA and Lt. MS of the denture group have a high negative correlation, it is related that the thickness of MS may be thick when the elderly wearing dentures are FHP.

The decommissioning of nuclear power plant (NPP) consists of various activities, such system decontamination, take out of activated components, segmentation of the activated components, site remediation, etc. During various activities, the generation of radioactive wastes and radiation exposure to workers is expected. The systematic waste management during the activities is important to implement the decommissioning. The inefficient waste management usually bring significant delay in decommissioning process and results in increase of decommissioning cost. The radiation exposure management is also an important issue. It is generally accepted that the hot spot, generated from operation and decommissioning of NPP, is observed in many places within containment building. Although the health physicists measure the radiation in various points, the unintended hot spots are sometimes generated and observed. The effective radiation exposure management also requires the control of personnel and space during various activities. In this study, the radiation exposure and waste management experiences of Zion NPP is reviewed. The primary nuclides and radiation exposure during various activities are systematically studied to achieve the main objectives of this paper.