Experiments with a URT-0.5 accelerator (0.5 MeV, 50 ns, 1 kW) generating a nanosecond electron beam for irradiation of silver nitrate in various liquid solutions (water and toluene) were performed with the aim of producing silver nanopowders. A radiochemical reaction allows making weakly agglomerated pure Ag powders with particles of 10-15 nm and 30-50 nm in size by irradiation in toluene and water respectively. The injection of the nanosecond electron beam energy to the solution is optimal. As the absorbed dose increases, the output of the radiochemical reaction does not grow, but more agglomerated powders are synthesized.

This study was carried out to examine on developmental competence of Hanwoo embryos cultured in vitro according to culture conditions and freezing methods. The in vitro developmental competence to blastocyst stage at Day 8 of culture in SOF was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in CR1aa (30.3% vs. 18.4%). The in vitro developmental rate of morula and blastocysts cultured in group culture was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in individual culture (41.4% and 36.0% vs. 21.1% and 10.5%, respectively). The cell number of Day 8 blastocysts in group culture was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the individual culture (, respectively). The survival rates of frozen-thawed balstocysts that were exposed in 1.5 M ethylene glycol or 1.5 M ethylene glycol containing 0.1 M sucrose were 77.5% and 78.7%, respectively. The survival rates of blastocysts cultured for 48 h in slow freezing and vitrification was not significantly different (73.3 and 74.0%). In conclusion, in vitro developmental competence of bovine embryos was influenced on the culture medium (SOF) and culture method (Group culture). Survival rate of frozen-thawed of bovine embryos was not influenced on freezing solutions and freezing methods.

이 논문은 하와이 주민들은 다른 토착민들과 같이 그들의 지명과 밀접한 연관관계를 갖고 있음을 관찰하고자 하였다. 특히 장소를 만드는 과정과 장소의 역사를 기록하는 과정에 있어 지명의 중요성에 중점을 두어 분석하였다.