The waste secondary battery contains a significant amount of valuable metals, making its recycling highly desirable. However, conventional chemical methods for recycling are environmentally unfriendly and cost-ineffective. Rather than the chemical method, this paper deals with a mechanical method for recovering electrode materials from waste secondary batteries by blowing pressurized air onto the interface area between the electrode and the separator. Especially, in this study, the effective blowing angle were searched by simulating the separation of the electrode material from the separator through 1-way fluid structure interaction analysis based on the Cohesive Zone Modeling technique.

본 연구에서는 고투과성 및 높은 염 제거율을 가지는 역삼투막의 성능향상을 위하여 다양한 첨가제 및 계면중합 시 경화 온도 및 시간에 따른 특성평가에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 첨가제가 없는 막과 첨가제를 첨가한 막의 모폴로지는 모 두 “ridge-and-valley” 구조를 나타내어, 폴리아미드 층이 다공성 지지층 표면에 성공적으로 중합되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (EHD) 첨가함으로써 향상된 친수성과 수투과율 가졌으며, 이는 접촉각 측정을 통해서 확인되었다. 최 종적으로 97.78%와 98.7%의 NaCl 및 MgSO4 제거율과 3.31 L/(m2⋅h⋅bar)의 높은 수투과율을 가진 고투과성 계면중합막을 제조하였다.

High-strength low-alloy steel is one of the widely used materials in onshore and offshore plant engineering. We investigated the alloying effect of solute atoms in α-Fe based alloy using ab initio calculations. Empirical equations were used to establish the effect of alloying on the Vicker’s hardness, screw energy coefficient, and edge dislocation energy coefficient of the steel. Screw and edge energy coefficients were improved by the addition of V and Cr solute atoms. In addition, the addition of trace quantities of V, Cr, and Mn enhanced abrasion resistance. Solute atoms and contents with excellent mechanical properties were selected and their thermal conductivity and thermal expansion behavior were investigated. The addition of Cr atom is expected to form alloys with low thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient. This study provides a better understanding of the state-of-the-art research in low-alloy steel and can be used to guide researchers to explore and develop α-Fe based alloys with improved properties, that can be fabricated in smart and cost-effective manners.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor originating from the salivary gland. The gradation of MEC is determined histologically based on cellular composition, with high-grade MEC presenting with distinct characteristics and clinical implications. A 56-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of right facial swelling and a recent onset of pain. A subsequent biopsy confirmed a malignant epithelial tumor, with further imaging assisting in determining the surgical approach. Comprehensive surgery, involving the removal of the right submandibular gland and reconstructive procedures, was undertaken. Histopathological evaluation post-surgery confirmed a high-grade MEC. The differentiation between inflammatory conditions and neoplastic lesions in the orofacial region can be challenging. The gradation of MEC is important in guiding therapeutic decisions. Among various classification systems, the Brandwein system offers detailed histopathological criteria that correlate reliably with clinical features. High-grade MECs, although less frequent, are aggressive and have a lower 5-year survival rate. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial in devising an effective treatment plan. The presented case underlines the importance of a meticulous yet periodic follow-up, considering the aggressive nature of high-grade MECs.

According to the classification of World Health Organization, primary adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract can be initially classified as salivary and non-salivary types. The latter are further divided into intestinal and non-intestinal types. Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma(ITAC) is rare adenocarcinoma subtype, which is closely occupational exposure to hardwood dusts, leather. In this study, we present a case of ITAC in a 68-year-old man. We successfully treated with wide excision and soft tissue reconstruction with free anterolateral thigh flap.

In order to determine fragility curves, the limit state of piers for each damage level is suggested in this paper based on the previous test results in Korea, including our test results. In previous studies, the quantitative measures for damage levels of piers have been represented by curvature ductility, lateral drift ratio, or displacement ductility. These measures are transformed to lateral drift ratios of piers for consistency, and the transformed values are compared and verified with our push-over test results for flexural RC piers with a circular cross-section. The test specimens are categorized concerning the number of lap-splices in the plastic hinge region and whether seismic design codes are satisfied or not. Based on the collected test results in Korea, including ours, the lateral drift ratio for each pier damage level is suggested.

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is an indolent, superficial lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in either iatrogenic or age-associated immunocompromised patients with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBVMCU is histologically similar with other lymphoproliferative disorders, such as EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the diseases are classified as distinct entities by the World Health Organization with different clinical manifestations, prognosis, and genetic profiles. EBVMCU commonly shows spontaneous regression by conservative management, reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive treatment, but local progression is possible. Complete remission of disease can be achieved with combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and local radiation therapy. Herein, we report 2 cases of oral superficial lymphoproliferative disorders arising adjacent to the gnathic bone with striking differences in prognosis and bone involvement. One of the cases induced extensive osteomyelitis in the underlying bone. Furthermore, we discussed the differential diagnosis of EBVMCU and reviewed the former literature.

Plunging ranula is a mucous retention cyst with extension below to the mylohyoid muscle. It can occur by an extravasation of saliva from the salivary gland due to trauma or obstruction of the duct. Fluid from the obstructed gland penetrate through the defect of mylohyoid muscle or through the posterior edge of mylohyoid muscle, and spreading to the cervical area. The “tail sign” has been widely reported as pathognomonic for their diagnosis. It indicates the communication between the collapsed sublingual and submandibular space over the posterior edge of the mylohyoid muscle. In this case, in addition to simple ranula in the right floor of mouth, MRI findings showed homogeneous contrast enhancement in front of the right cervical carotid artery and in the deep part of sternocleidomastoid muscle, but tail sign was not observed. Therefore it was clinically diagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst and was removed through surgical procedure. As a result of the final pathologic biopsy, the lesion, which has been suggested to be simple ranula in the floor of mouth, was diagnosed as reactive pyogenic granuloma, and the cervical lesion was diagnosed as a plunging ranula. This is a case report in which these two lesions are decided to have been separated from one before surgery. This report indicate that plunging ranula can be observed without tail sign and how to make an accurate diagnosis of plunging ranula by reporting misdiagnosis case.

뽕나무, 복분자, 블루베리의 전정 가지 대부분은 버려지고 있다. 따라서, 이들 버려지는 전정 가지를 활용하여 흰점박이꽃무지의 사육 가능 성을 검토하기 위하여 발육 및 산란 특성을 조사하였다. 베리류 발효톱밥을 먹인 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 발육 기간은 뽕나무 발효톱밥 157.3일, 복 분자 발효톱밥 130.3일, 블루베리 발효톱밥은 140일로 참나무 발효톱밥 169.3일에 비하여 짧아지고, 유충 무게가 증가하였으며, 생존율이 높았 다. 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 집단 사육시 2.5 g 이상인 유충 비율은 3종류의 발효톱밥 모두 6주에서 8주사이에 60% 이상인 반면 같은 기간에 참나무 발효톱밥은 10% 이내였고, 10주가 지나야 2.5 g 이상인 유충의 비율이 높아졌다. 흰점박이꽃무지의 평균 산란수는 80개 이상으로 평균 산란기 간은 9주정도 소요되었지만, 개체당 편차가 커서 유의차는 없었다. 3종류의 베리류 발효톱밥은 서로 혼합하여 사용해도 참나무 발효톱밥에 비해 유충 발육속도가 빠르고, 산란수는 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 흰점박이꽃무지를 사육하는데 있어서 베리류 발효톱밥이 참나무 발효톱밥에 비하여 효과적으로 추정된다.