In this study, we investigated the characteristics of meteorological factors influencing odor emissions based on odor complaint records and meteorological observation data collected from 2014 to 2021 in Seoul, a megacity with a high population density and no regulated facilities or management zones apart from public environmental infrastructure and neighborhood living facilities. A total of 134,976 odor complaints were recorded over eight years (2,922 days), with a daily peak of 946 cases. From 2018 onward, daily complaints consistently exceeded 200 cases, reaching their highest level in 2019. Complaints were regularly and intensively concentrated during specific periods of the year. Among meteorological factors, dry tide time and dominant wind direction exhibited bimodal distributions within the observation range, while the other 11 meteorological factors were concentrated at a single value. The average meteorological conditions during the period with the highest number of odor complaints and observation days were: temperature 24.2oC, surface temperature 26.7oC, local pressure 1,000.4 hPa, sea-level pressure 1,010.8 hPa, vapor pressure 4.3 hPa, solar irradiance 10.5 MJ/m2, precipitation 0.6 mm, relative humidity 61.5%, wind speed 2.2 m/ s, and dominant wind direction 57.9o. These factors corresponded with the periods of highest odor complaints and observation days; however, dew point temperatures (15.3oC and 19.1oC), dry tide times (14.7 hours and 9.7 hours), and sunshine times (15.1 hours and 9.0 hours) did not coincide with those periods. The meteorological factors with the highest odor complaint emission rates (SROCE, cases/day) across 13 sections, ranked in descending order, were: dry tide time (73.5), surface temperature (67.7), solar irradiance (65.1), sea-level pressure (64.3), temperature (62.7), local pressure (62.7), dew point temperature (60.3), vapor pressure (58.7), sunshine times (54.1), relative humidity (53.1), wind speed (51.2), dominant wind direction (48.7), and precipitation (46.3). The intensity of odor complaint emission (IOCE, cases/day), calculated across the entire meteorological observation range, was highest in the following order: solar irradiance (63.8), dry tide time (60.5), sunshine times (60.3), local pressure (57.2), surface temperature (57.1), sea-level pressure (57.0), temperature (56.4), vapor pressure (55.8), dew point temperature (55.7), relative humidity (49.4), dominant wind direction (49.2), wind speed (49.0), and precipitation (46.5). The IOCE for solar irradiance was 37.2% higher than that for precipitation, which had the lowest IOCE. Additionally, the average IOCE of sunlightrelated meteorological factors such as dry tide time, sunshine times, and solar irradiance was 61.5 cases/day, which is 29.5% higher than that of moisture-related factors, including precipitation and relative humidity (47.5 cases/day). These results suggest that sunlight-related factors significantly contribute to odor complaints. This study evaluated the characteristics of odor emissions associated with complaints within the meteorological observation range, identified meteorological factors corresponding to the highest observed odor emissions, and assessed the contribution of these factors to odor emissions based on the IOCE metric. Based on these results, we anticipate being able to predict odor emission levels using weather forecast data.

A new oak mushroom cultivar Lentinula edodes ‘Eomjisong’ (LE23734), was developed by crossing the dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains of ‘KME36298’ and ‘KME36288-1’, respectively. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of ‘Eomjisong’ on potato dextrose agar was 23–27°C, and was 15–20°C for fruiting body development. The cultivation period of ‘Eomjisong’ was 131 days, which was 3 days shorter than that of the control cultivar ‘Hanacham’. Morphologically, ‘Eomjisong’ showed stipe length and thickness similar to those of ‘Hanacham’, however, the pileus was larger and thicker. Furthermore, the pileus of ‘Eomjisong’ exhibited higher brightness than that of ‘Hanacham’. Productivity tests showed that the total yield of ‘Eomjisong’ reached 555 g, which was approximately 25.6% higher than that of ‘Hanacham’ (442 g). These findings indicate that ‘Eomjisong’ is a promising cultivar with enhanced productivity and morphological advantages over ‘Hanacham’, suggesting its potential for commercial cultivation.

This study investigates the potential market demand and the effects of consuming senior-friendly foods on the nutritional status and quality of life of older adults in South Korea, which has rapidly become a super-aged society. Utilizing data from a 2024 field study, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) analysis was employed to evaluate the impact of senior-friendly food intake on calorie and nutrient supplementation, as well as improvements in quality of life. The findings reveal a substantial potential market, with 11.7 to 16.2% of individuals aged 75 and over expressing purchase intentions. Significant improvements were observed in both the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF) and the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E) scores after the consumption of senior-friendly foods. Further, the intake increased daily calories by an average of 322.9 kcal, protein intake by 14.2 g, and fat intake by 12.1 g. The utility weight, indicating quality of life, also significantly increased by 0.037. Policy directions should prioritize promoting the senior-friendly food market to improve nutritional intake and quality of life among the rapidly growing older adult population, as evidenced by the significant positive effects observed in this study.

The Indian Ocean is the second-largest tuna fishing ground in the world, accounting for approximately 1.2 million tonnes (23%) of the estimated 5.2 million tonnes of global commercial tuna catch in 2023. This study examined the relationship between tuna catches, specifically skipjack, bigeye, and yellowfin tunas, and prey biomass (Nautical Area Scattering Coefficient, NASC) estimated from acoustic surveys conducted in the southwestern Indian Ocean from 20 April to 15 May 2019. Environmental variables were derived from the Copernicus Ocean Model, and tuna length data from the IOTC. The estimated total tuna catch in the study area was approximately 166,400 tonnes, with the northwestern region showing the highest catches and NASC values. Tuna catches increased with NASC; however, the relationship was non-linear. While skipjack showed no significant correlation with NASC, bigeye and yellowfin tunas exhibited weak but significant positive correlations. Environmental analysis revealed that the northern waters had high surface temperatures, low salinity, and low oxygen levels, with mid and deep layers characterized by low temperature, salinity, oxygen, and chlorophyll. These findings offer a foundation for understanding tuna distribution in relation to prey and environmental conditions, highlighting the need for future species- and fishery-specific studies to support sustainable tuna resource management.

본 연구는 해양에서 선박 운항 시 발생할 수 있는 항행장애물, 특히 부유물과의 충돌 위험성을 예측하기 위해 몬테카를로 시뮬 레이션을 적용한 항행안전 충돌 확률 모델을 개발하는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 항행장애물은 해양에서 선박의 운항을 방해하거나 위험을 초 래할 수 있는 물체로, 선박 사고의 주요 원인 중 하나이다. 연구는 부유물 감김 사고와 관련된 최근 5년간의 해양사고통계 정보와 7년간 사 고 데이터를 분석하여 사고 발생 패턴을 파악하고, 이를 기반으로 위험성 평가 방법론을 검토하였다. 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 통해 임의 의 제한된 해상 공간 내에서 표류하는 부유물과 이동 중인 선박이 접촉할 확률을 도출하였으며, 다양한 변수(부유물의 크기, 개수, 속도, 이 동하는 선박의 개수, 선박의 통항 패턴 등)가 충돌 확률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 표류하는 장애물의 속도보다는 장애물의 크기와 이동하는 선박의 개수에 따라 충돌 확률이 영향을 받음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 해양과 선박 데이터 기반 실행 가능한 모델 을 제안하며, 이를 통해 선박 운항의 안전성을 높이고, 사고 예방을 위한 효과적인 관리 방안을 제공하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다.

수전해는 물을 전기분해하여 수소를 생산하는 방법으로, 재생에너지와 연계할 경우 이산화탄소 배출이 없는 청정 수소생산이 가능하다. 수전해 기술 중, 알칼라인 수전해와 음이온교환막 수전해는 알칼라인 환경에서 구동되어 저렴한 비귀 금속 전극 사용이 가능하여, 재생에너지를 연계한 대용량 수소생산에 적합한 기술로 평가받는다. 수전해 시스템에서 분리막 은 안정성과 효율성을 담당하는 핵심부품으로, 안정적이고 효율적인 수소생산을 위하여 높은 기체차단성과 높은 이온전달능 을 필요로 한다. 수전해에 사용되는 분리막은 구조 및 특성에 따라 다공막, 이온솔베이팅 분리막, 박막 복합 분리막, 음이온교 환막으로 분류되고, 각각의 분리막은 구조 및 특성이 상이하여 각각의 특성을 보완하는 방향으로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 알칼라인 수전해 및 음이온교환막 수전해에 사용되는 분리막들의 구조 및 특성과 연구 현황에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

Time-series and spatial analysis of collected odor complaints in Seoul megacity during 2014~2021 were conducted for the characterization of odor complaints emitted from the living environment. The ratio of odor complaints in the environmental complaints was 16.7%, and odor complaints increased 3.3 times from 9,053 cases in 2014 to a maximum of 29,425 cases in 2019. In the time-based evaluation (monthly, daily (day of the week), and hourly variations), the highest number of complaints occurred in June, Monday, and 9:00 AM, respectively. While the lowest number of complaints occurred in December, Sunday, and 3:00 AM, respectively. Among 25 provinces in Seoul megacity, the odor complaints that occurred from 2014 to 2021 were concentrated in Eunpyeonggu. The odor complaints of Seodaemun-gu and Nowon-gu occurred at the highest levels in January-February and June, respectively. Based on the characteristics of odor complaint occurrence according to the above time-series and spatial analyses, more effective odor management and control can be implemented by focusing on those hotspot areas and specific time periods.

The directed energy deposited (DED) alloys show higher hardness values than the welded alloys due to the finer microstructure following the high cooling rate. However, defects such as microcracks, pores, and the residual stress are remained within the DED alloy. These defects deteriorate the wear behavior so post-processing such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) are applied to DED alloys to reduce the defects. HIP was chosen in this study because the high pressure and temperature uniformly reduced the defects. The HIP is processed at 1150°C under 100 MPa for 4 hours. After HIP, microcracks are disappeared and porosity is reduced by 86.9%. Carbides are spherodized due to the interdiffusion of Cr and C between the dendrite and interdendrite region. After HIP, the nanohardness (GPa) of carbides increased from 11.1 to 12, and the Co matrix decreased from 8.8 to 7.9. Vickers hardness (HV) decreased by 18.9 % after HIP. The dislocation density (10-2/m2) decreased from 7.34 to 0.34 and the residual stress (MPa) changed from tensile 79 to a compressive -246 by HIP. This study indicates that HIP is effective in reducing defects, and the HIP DED Stellite 6 exhibits a higher HV than welded Stellite 6.