Background : Obesity, a global health problem and a chronic diseases, is associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and coronary heart diseases. A wide variety of natural remedies have been explored for their obesity treatment potential. To elucidate the anti-obesity effect of ginsenoside Rg5 : Rk1 (Rg5 : Rk1), a mixture of protopanaxadiol type ginsenosides isolated from Panax ginseng Meyer in a 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods and Results : In order to determinate the anti-obesity effect of Rg5 : Rk1, Oil Red O staining and triglyceride (TG) content was assessed. Furthermore, to elucidate the possible mechanism whether Rg5:Rk1 affects lipid accumulation, mRNA and protein expression analyses of adipocyte markers such as STAT3, PPARγ, CBEPα and ap2 were carried out. Rg5:Rk1 treatment showed an inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation and decrease on TG content. In addition, expression of STAT3, PPARγ, CEBPα and ap2 were decreased in dose dependent manner. Similar to these results, Rg5:Rk1 treatment reduced PPARγ and CEBPα protein expression. Conclusion : Rg5 : Rk1 treatment exhibits anti-adipogenic activity by down-regulation of the STAT3PPARγ/CEBPα pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line.

Background : Nowadays obesity has increased dramatically in developed countries which lead various metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and the risk of stroke. Thus, looking forward a new chemical entity from natural sources which have a strong potential of anti-lipid regulation activity. Recently, protein based nanomedicine offers a new approach to treat a number of diseases including metabolic disorder such as obesity. In this study we evaluated the anti-lipid regulation effect of nano-carrier Bovine serum albumin and Mesoporous silica (MSNPs) conjugated ginsenoside F1 in 3T3-L1adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes. Methods and Results : BSA incorporated drugs has been shown to protect the drug degredation as well as improvement bioavalilability. To assess the anti- adipogenic effect of BSA-F1 and MSNPs-F1 cell viability was investigated in different time point of cell cycle growth and the intracellular lipid accumulation was evaluated in mature adipocytes and hepatocytes by Oil red staining assay. In addition, transcriptional gene regulation was quantified by the real time PCR for targeting adipogenic genes such as PPARγ, STAT3, CEBPα, ap2 and aP2 as well as hepatogenic genes such as ACC, AMPK, FAS and PPARα. Moreover, protein expression was evaluated by immunoblotting assay. Conclusion : Altogether, the above results were confirmed that BSA-F1 at dose 25 μM exhibited the anti-adipogenesis effect by downregulating the major transcriptional factors PPAR γ/STAT3 in signalling in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and upregulated the fatty acid oxidative AMPK signaling in fatty acid induced HepG2 hepatocytes.

Background : Anemarrhena asphodeloides has efficacy such as anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, Anti-UV etc. Metal nanoparticles are used for photo imaging, cancer resection and drug delivery etc in medical field. Therefore A. asphodeloides nanoparticles will be expected better efficacy for therapeutic properties in medical field. Methods and Results : The water extract of A. asphodeloides mediated the synthesis of Aa-AgNPs and Aa-AuNPs. Their characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FE-TEM, EDX spectroscopy, SAED pattern, DLS size analysis, XRD analysis, and FTIR analysis. Both Aa-Ag/AuNPs were evaluated for cytotoxicity towards 3T3-L1, A549, HT29 and MCF7. Aa-AgNPs and Aa-Au NPs were found to be spherical, face-centered cubic nanocrystals with hydrodynamic diameter of 190 and 258 ㎚. In vitro cytotoxic analysis revealed that up to 50 ㎍/㎖-1 concentration Aa-Au NPs did not exhibit any toxicity on 3T3-L1, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines, while being specifically cytotoxic to A549 cell line. On the contrary, Aa-Ag NPs displayed a significantly higher toxicity in all cell lines specially MCF7 cell line. ROS generation was not affected by Aa-Au NPs, but Aa-AgNPs has a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in A549 cells than HT29 and MCF7 cells. Aa-Au NPs have the potential for anticancer agent during lung cancer treatment. Aa-AgNPs is also exhibited to inhibit cell migration by induce oxidatie stress. Conclusion : The Aa-Au/AgNPs might have the anticancer potential and might be effective in the lung cancer therapy, however further evaluation is must needed.