In this study, we fabricated Nd2Fe14B hard magnetic powders with various sizes via spray drying combined with reduction-diffusion process. Spray drying is widely used to produce nearly spherical particles that are relatively homogeneous. Thus, the precursor particles were prepared by spray drying using the aqueous solution containing Nd salts, Fe salts and boric acid with the target stoichiometric composition of Nd2Fe14B. The mean particle sizes of the spray-dried powders are in the range from one to seven micrometer, which are adjusted by controlling the concentra- tions of precursor solutions. After debinding the as-prepared precursor particles, ball milling was also conducted to con- trol the particle sizes of Nd-Fe-B oxide powders. The resulting particles with different sizes were subjected to subsequent treatments including hydrogen reduction, Ca reduction and washing for CaO removal. The size effect of Nd-Fe-B oxide particles on the formation of Nd2Fe14B phase and magnetic properties was investigated.

The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic interrelationships between economic or meat quality traits (birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain, market weight, carcass weight, backfat thickness, water, ash, fat, protein, water holding capacity and pH) and 6 SNPs located on six selected candidate genes (MC4R, PGK2, TNNI1, TNNI2, PIK3C3, and CTSK) in Korean native pigs. The genotypes were identified in the 6 SNPs by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) procedure, and association of the genotype on economically important traits was analyzed by general liner model. According to the analyzed results, the MC4R c.1426A>G was correlated with birth weight (p=0.032) and the PGK2 g.122T>G was associated with pH (p=0.026). These findings obtained in the present revealed that the each SNPs of MC4R and PGK2 could be useful as potential genetic markers for birth weight and pH in Korean native pigs, respectively.

In the present study, we systematically investigated the effect of Mn addition on nitrogenation behavior and magnetic properties of Sm-Fe powders produced by reduction-diffusion process. Alloy powders with only single phase were successfully produced by the reduction-diffusion process. The coercivity of powder rapidly increased during nitrogenation and reached the maximum of 637 Oe after 16 hours. After further nitrogenation, it decreased. In contrast, the coercivity of powder gradually increased during nitrogenation for 24 hours. The coercivity of powder was higher than that of powder at the same condition of nitrogenation. It was considered that the Mn addition facilitates the nitrogenation of powder and enhances the coercivity.

다양한 화장품에 응용을 위하여 제주산 유채오일 추출물을 대상으로 PIT유화시스템을 이용한 나노에멀젼을 제조하였다. 천연 유채오일 추출물은 n-헥산을 용매로 사용하여 추출하였다. 천연유채오일 추출물은 엷은 노란색의 점성을 가진 액체이었고, 수율은 43±2.5%이었다. 산가는 2.76±0.5이었고, 비중은 0.89±0.05 이었다. 20wt%의 유채오일을 사용한 PIT-Yuche-NE의 입자크기는 50-120nm (평균입자크기: 82±5.8nm)이었고, 제타 포텐셜은 -29.5mV 이었다. 이것은 (PEG)5-30 지방산 에테르를 사용하기 때문에 열역학적으로 안정하였다. 특징적인 결과로부터 얻은 몇 개의 결론을 다음과 같이 나열하였다. 첫째, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical)방법을 이용한 자유 라디칼 소거력을 측정하였다. PIT-Yuche-NE의 항산화력은 37.2±6.7%이었고, 비교군인 10 mg/mL의 PIT-Toco-NE(토코페롤 20wt% 나노에멀젼)은 28.8±6.5%, 10 mg/mL의 PIT-Nokcha-NE (녹차추출물 20wt% 나노에멀젼)은 29.6±7.2%이었다. 둘째, PIT-Yuche-NE의 콜라겐합성율은 148±15.2% 이었고, 동일 농도에서 비교군인 PIT-Toco-NE은 121±13.5%, PIT-Nokcha-NE은 95±12.7%이었다. 셋째, 6시간 후, Aramo-TS를 사용한 Yuche-CRM의 피부보습효과는 47±3.9% (*p-value￡0.05, n=7)이었다. 반면, Toco-CRM은 30±5.2%(*p-value￡0.05, n=7)이었고, Nokcha-CRM은 35±4.5%이었다. 따라서 Yuche-CRM은 다른 두 크림보다 높은 보습효과를 보였다. 최종적으로 본 연구는 화장품 산업 및 제약산업에서도 폭넓게 응용될 것으로 기대한다.

이 연구의 목적은 경기도 소재의 한 과학관 전시 설명에 반영된 과학의 인식론적 특징을 탐색하는 것이다. 과학의 인식론적 이해는 오랜 시간 다양한 경험을 통해 형성되는 암묵적 차원이 크기 때문에, 학교 밖의 일상 경험을 통해 학생들은 다소 안정된 과학의 이미지를 형성하게 될 가능성이 크다. 따라서 본 연구의 대상은 학교 밖 과학교육 맥락의 하나인 과학관의 전시 설명으로 정하고, Ryder 등(1999)의 인식론적 범주를 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 '근거와 지식주장의 관계', '과학적 탐구의 본질', '과학의 사회적 차원'의 범주로 나누어, 각 범주에 대한 인식론적 특징을 세부적으로 탐색하고 해당 범주의 전시 설명 사례를 제시하였다. 전시 설명 사례는 주로 한 범주의 인식론적 특징을 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 하나의 근거와 하나의 지식주장을 연결하거나, 개인적 흥미 혹은 과학 학문내적 탐구를 통해 지식을 생성하는 과정을 기술하거나, 과학 공동체 혹은 기관 차원의 과학 활동을 소개하는 등이었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로, 과학관 전시물의 여러 매체를 활용하여 다양한 범위의 인식론적 특징을 반영할 것이 제안되었다.

To produce alloy powders with only SmFe single phase by reduction-diffusion (R-D) method, the effect of excess samarium oxide on the preparation of Sm-Fe alloy powder during R-D heat treatment was studied. The quantity of samarium oxide was varied from 5% to 50% whereas iron and calcium were taken 0% and 200% in excess of chemical equivalent, respectively. The pellet type mixture of samarium, iron powders and calcium granulars was subjected to heat treatment at 1100 for 5 hours. The R-D treated pellet was moved into deionized water and agitated to separate Sm-Fe alloy powders. After washing them in deionized water several times, the powders were washed with acetic acid to remove the undesired reaction products such as CaO. By these washing and acid cleaning treatment, only 0.03 wt% calcium remained in Sm-Fe alloy powders. It was also confirmed that the content of unreacted -Fe in SmFe matrix gradually decreased as the percentage of samarium oxide is increased. However, there was no significant change above 40% excess samarium oxide.

The compaction response of nano powders with an addition of Ti powders prepared by magnetic pulsed compaction and subsequent sintering processes was investigated. All kinds of different bulk exhibited an average shrinkage of about 12% for different MPCed pressure and sintering temperature, which were approximately 50% lower than those fabricated by general process (20%) and a maximum density of around 92.7% was obtained for 0.8GPa MPCed pressure and sintering temperature. The addition of Ti powder induced an increase in the formability and hardness of the sintered . But the lower densities were obtained on sintering with addition of over 10 (wt%) Ti powder due to generation of crack during sintering. Subsequently it was verified that the optimum compaction pressure in MPC and sintering temperature were 0.8GPa and , respectively

This article presents the successful consolidation of the mixed Co and Diamond powders for a drilling segment by the combined application of magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC) and subsequent sintering, and their properties were analyzed. Homogeneous hardness (Hv 220) and density (97%) of sintered bulks fabricated by MPC were obtained by the new technique, where higher pressure has been employed for short period of time than that of general process. A fine microstructure and homogeneous hardness in the consolidated bulk were observed without cracks. Relatively higher drilling speed of 9.61 cm/min and life time of 6.55 m were found to the MPCed specimens, whereas the value of the specimens fabricated by general process was 11.71 cm/min and 7.96 m, respectively. A substantial improvement of mechanical properties of segment was achieved through this study.

In this research, fine-structure TiO2 bulks were fabricated in a combined application of magnetic pulsed compaction (MPC) and subsequent sintering and their densification behavior was investigated. The obtained density of TiO2 bulk prepared via the combined processes increased as the MPC pressure increased from 0.3 to 0.7 GPa. Relatively higher density (88%) in the MPCed specimen at 0.7 GPa was attributed to the decrease of the inter-particle distance of the pre-compacted component. High pressure and rapid compaction using magnetic pulsed compaction reduced the shrinkage rate (about 10% in this case) of the sintered bulks compared to general processing (about 20%). The mixing conditions of PVA, water, and TiO2 nano powder for the compaction of TiO2 nano powder did not affect the density and shrinkage of the sintered bulks due to the high pressure of the MPC.

This study analyzes the process of establishing BSC of research institute. This case could be a reference to other research institute for BSC introduction. In this study, the characteristics of A institute BSC is reviewed. A institute set up the BSC system at July, 2006 and made it possible to automatically connect the performance measurement and evaluation of department by using KPI. A institute verify the effectiveness of BSC performance using the SFO(Strategy Focused Organization) assessment.

본 연구에서는 A 연구소의 프로젝트 관리자들을 대상으로 프로젝트관리지식체계에 대한 인지도, 자신만의 기준 보유여부, 예산초과 등의 원인, 프로젝트관리자로서 요구되는 지식 및 능력, 프로젝트관리정보시스템 사용여부 등의 설문조사 결과를 살펴보고, 프로젝트관리정보시스템(PMIS) 사용과 프로젝트관리자의 프로젝트관리지식체계(PMBOK)에 대한 인지여부, 프로젝트관리자의 자신만의 기준 보유여부 등이 계획된 프로젝트 기간/일정을 준수하는데 도움을 주는지 여부를 통계적 가설을 수립하여 분석하였다.

We conducted a series of in vitro experiments to evaluate the efficiency of photodynamic therapy on head and neck cancer cell using hydroxybacteriochlorine from photosynthetic bacteria. We tested the cytotoxicity of the hydroxybacteriochlorine by MTI assay and observed the cell death pattern(apoptosis or necrosis) after PDT by hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining methods IC50 value of the hydroxybacteriochlorine was 0.22μg/rrúi. At higher doses of hydroxybacteriochlorine () 0.6μg/rrúi) , cancer cells died exclusively by necrosis after PDT. By contrast, at IC50 value, hydroxybacteriochlorine induced cancer cell to undergo apoptotic cell death. The induction begins approximately 6 hours after PDT. We investigates intracellular localization of hydroxybacteriochlorine by head & neck cancer cell via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Head & neck cancer cells dual-stained with hydroxybacteriochlorine and a panel of organelle- specific fluorescence probes (Mitotracker, Lysotracker, ER-Tracker) revealed an intracellular fluorescence distribution restricted to cytoplasmic compartments with no detectable fluorescence in the nucleus Confocal images of cells containing hydroxybacteriochlorine were never overlap in subcellular organelle fluorescence when digitally over layed with the organelle-specific fluorescence probe images of the same cells. These results demonstrated that the hydroxybacteriochlorine may have a function as a photosensitizer.

본 조사는 계란 유통실태 및 위생상태를 파악하여 품질향상과 위생관리에 도움이 되는 자료를 제공하고자, 2001년 3-4월에 인천광역시 5개 백화점 식품매장에서 총 57종의 계란을 구입하여 조사하였다. 계란의포장은 10개 이하의 소량 단위포장 비율이 높았고, 전 품목을 실온에서 보관하였다. 유통기한은 40종(70.2%)이 28일 이상으로 표기하였다. 유통되는 특수란은 31종(54.4%)이었다. 유통기한과 산란일자는 모든 품목에서 표시되었으며 주로 상표나 난좌에 표기되었다. 내용량에 대한 표시는 38종(66.6%)만이 실시하였다. 난각에 분변이나 털이 있는 경우 27건(9.5%), 난각이 기형이거나 깨진 경우 11건(3.9%), 난 내용물에 혈반이나 육반등의 이물이 있는 경우는 42건(14.7%), 상한 계란은 5건(1.8%)이 유통되었다. Haugh Unit(HU) 검사결과 평균은 56.1이었으며, HU 31 미만의 품질저하 계란은 18개(6.3%)이었고, 총 57종 중 12종(21.1%)에서 1개 이상의 품질저하 계란이 조사되었다. 난각의 일반세균 오염수준은 <10∼8.2×10^3 cfu/ml으로 고르게 분포하였고, 대장균은 8건(4.7%)이 검출되었다. 총 285개의 계란(난황)에서 Salmonella enteritidis는 검출되지 않았고, 계란에 잔류하는 항생물질은 1종에서 테트라사이클린 계열이 검출되었다. 그 동안 위생관리의 사각지대에 있었던 계란에 대한 품질관리와 유통개선을 위한 법적, 제도적 근거가 마련되면, 계란의 표시 및 품질기준 등 사양관리에서부터 유통단계에 이르는 전반적인 안전성 관리방안이 검토되고 보완되어야 할 것이다.

6-31G * * basis set을 이용한 ab initio 양자역학적 방법에 의하여 2,4,6- trifluoroheptane구조를 구함으로서 syndiotactic isoregic PVF결정의 force field를 유도하였다. 또 그 결과를 PVF의 structure parameter및 elastic constant를 계산하는데 응용하였다. 그 결과 cell parameter는 각각 a(5.205Å: chain axis), b(8.457 Å) 및 c(4.621 Å)로 나타났으며 X-ray data(5.04Å, 8.57Å, 및 4.95Å)결과와 비교적 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. Defect 비존재하에서의 syndiotactic PVF결정의 Young's 모듈러스 계산값은 267Gpa로 나타났으며, polyvinylideme fluoride(277-293 GPa)및 polyethylene(264-337 GPa)결정의 경우와 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 또한 optimum geometry에서 얻어진 bulk modulus값은 experimental geometry 에서 얻어진 값보다 두배의 차이를 보였으며, 이것은 geometry 에 따른 elastic compliance constant(특히 S33인자)가 크게 달라지기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

The religious authority has generally rejected iconolatry. In order to reinforce the religious authority and to organize the Church which was distracted by the Reformation, the authority had to introduce the image which was the fruit of the Western Catholic Church, and the piety which was distracted by hagiolatry, into the Protestant Church system. There were cases where the desire for Reformation was connected to the ambition for the religious power. Naturally, the arts began to be excluded, and only Luther among all the Reformers did not forbid the arts from being passively accepted. The other radical Reformers were dissatisfied with this kind of attitude and insisted upon stronger iconoclasm. Karlstadt, Calvin and Zwingli started to go their separate ways. The Reformers held fast to the recognition that art was idolatry itself, as a response to idolatry of the Roman Catholic Church, even before they mentioned any theological criteria regarding distinction between art and idol. And the iconoclasts marked radical acts down as clearer, stronger response to the Catholic Church, which would strengthen the Reformation. It cannot be affirmed that the other radical Reformers except Luther failed to have eyes for art and beauty. In Churches of the regions where the Reformers gained victory, holy pictures were no longer demanded as they used to be in the Middle Ages. The artists had to paint other topics for living. Ironically, the Korean Protestant Church of the present time is actively accepting modern technology. The images of Jesus Christ and the holy pictures are slowly disappearing from Church walls. and are replaced by CCTVs showing videos of the pastor’s sermon. The influence of the pastor’s image which is periodically broadcast through closed circuit cannot be irrelevant to the Church’s propaganda and the believers’ idolization of their pastor. A theological excuse is demanded to carefully reconcile the attitude of Luther who used his own portrait to unfold the Reformation, with the attitude of the other Reformers who were dissatisfied with him and insisted upon stronger iconoclasm. The Protestant Church has to focus more on esthetic education to enhance piety through the religious arts, rather than strongly present the pastor’s image on a CCTV.