본 실험은 페라이트-베이나이트-마르텐사이트로 되는 삼상조직강의 기계적성질과 조직특성과의 관계를 연구하고저 하였다. 이를 위하여 서로 다른 열처리경로를 택하여 페라이트+마르텐사이트에(DP), 페라이트+베이나이트(F+B)의 이상조직강과 페라이트+마르텐사이트에 연질의 베이나이트를 함유시킨 삼상조직강(TP)을 제작하였다. 이들 이상조직강가 삼상조직강의 인장특성, 충격특성 및 stretch-flangeability를 측정하여 각각의 조직구성과 상호연관지어 금속조직학적으로 연구, 조사하였다. 실험결과, TP강의 경우 베이나이트 부피분율의 증가에 따라서 인장강도와 항복강도는 감소하나, 단면수축율 및 강도-연성 조합은 증가하였고, 페라이트와 베이나이트로 구성된 F+B강에서는 항복현상과 높은 항복비를 보였다. 충격특성은 DP강보다 TP, F+B강에서 향상된 충격에너지값을 얻을 수 있었고, hole expanding limit(λ)시험에서도 DP강보다는 TP, F+B강이 우수한 λ값을 나타내었다. 이와같은 기계적성질의 향상은 베이나이트의 영향에 의한 결과로서, 이는 경질의 마르텐사이트보다는 연질의 베이나이트ㅏ 페라이트기지와 함께 쉽게 변형이 일어나 연성의 증가에 보다 크게 작용하였기 때문이라 생각한다. 본실험의 경우 27%범위의 베이나이트를 함유하는 삼상조직강에서 좋은 기계적 성질과 우수한 stretch-flangeability를 보였다.

이 글은 창간호부터 2019년까지 ｢한국교회사학회지｣에 수록된 한국기 독교의 역사 연구 논문들에 대한 분석적 연구이다. ｢한국교회사학회지｣는 해방 후 최초로 발간된 한국의 교회사 학술 연구 논문집이다. 이 기간 동안 135편의 한국교회사 연구 논문이 수록되었다. 이 글은 그 연구 논문들을 분류하여 인물 연구, 사회사, 사상사, 교단사, 문화사 등의 범주로 분류 하였다. 초창기 연구들은 한국교회사의 기초를 위한 연구들이 이루어졌다. 1990년대 이후 연구 논문들의 수가 빠르게 증가하였다. 2000년 이후의 논문들은 체제의 완성도가 높아지고 연구 분야도 다양해졌다. 2010년대의 연구 논문들은 논문 심사의 강화로 논문들의 체제와 논문의 주제들이 더욱 다양하게 발전하였다. 연구 분야는 인물 연구와 사회사 논문이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하며 신학사상, 문화사 연구들이 다수를 차지하였다. 이후의 연구에서는 통계자료의 도입과 타 분야와 복합적 연구가 필요하다.

이 논문은 한국 장로교회의 기독교 사회주의 사상과 협동조합 운동에 대한 연구이다. 유재기는 일제강점기부터 해방 후 정부수립 시대에 기독교 민족운동을 이끈 지도자 중 하나였다. 이러한 그의 활동 때문에 그는 기독교 민족주의자로 알려져 왔다. 그는 배민수, 최문식과 함께 1920년대와 1930년대의 한국 장로교회의 기독교 농촌운동을 시행하였다. 배민수의 기독교 농촌운동의 핵심 개념은 농촌의 복음화였고 최문식의 농촌운동의 핵심 사상은 사회주의 혁명이었다. 반면에 유재기의 농촌운동의 핵심 개념은 기독교 사회주의 실천이었다. 그는 일본의 기독교 사회주의자인 가가와 토요히코와 스기야마 모토지로의 영향을 받았다. 유재기는 가가와 토요히코의 협동조합운동과 스기야마 모토지로의 농민학교를 모델로 세 단계의 기독교 농촌운동을 구상하고 실천하였다. 첫 단계는 농촌연구 둘째 단계는 농촌의 기독교화 셋째는 기독교적 경제공동체의 건설이었다. 그는 이에 따라 첫 단계의 농촌연구회 둘째 단계가 예수촌 건설 셋째 단계가 협동조합 구성이었다. 유재기는 한국 기독교계에 본격적으로 협동조합의 기원과 세계의 협동 조합 현황을 소개하였다. 1930년대에 한국 기독교회 내부에서 협동조합에 대한 지속적이고 깊은 관심을 가진 가장 중요한 인물이었다. 그는 협동조합을 교회와 농촌마을에 확산시켜 교회와 농촌 마을의 경제적 관계를 재구성하여야 한다고 주장하였다. 그는 농촌사회의 발전을 위해서 소비자 협동 조합, 소비자 금융조합 그리고 생산자 협동조합으로 단계적 도입을 주장하 였다. 유재기는 한국 기독교 사상가 중 드물게 나타났던 기독교 사회주의자였다. 그는 기독교 사회주의는 마르크스의 사상의 폭력적 이념과 다르다고 보았다. 기독교 사회주의는 예수 그리스도의 윤리적 교훈에 기초한 자발적 사랑의 정신으로 사회적 경제적 평등을 이루어 가는 것이라고 주장하였다. 유재기는 마르크스주의 진화론 그리고 세속화를 비판하였다. 그는 기독교 윤리적 실천이 이런 근대적 세속 사상에 대한 대안으로 여겼다. 최근 한국의 자본주의의 한계에 대한 여러 가지 경고음이 들려오고 있 다. 한국의 사회적 경제적 불평등이 심화되고 있다. 한국교회는 유재기가 주장했던 기독교 사회주의와 기독교 협동조합 운동으로 이에 대한 대안을 제시할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of corrosion associated with steel barrier wall corrosion, to review the current state of safety, and to describe the parts to consider in future design and maintenance.Also, when selecting the bridge type for the reduction of the long life and reducing the load, it is necessary to avoid the steel wall barrier of the entire cross-section of the barrier wall in the case of the steel plate type,I would like to discuss about reflection.

The objective of this study is to identify reasonable repair and reinforcement methods by performing an analysis and analysis and measurement of corrosion that occurred at the bridge support due to leakage from the expansion joint device.

Recently, rice growth and production have been influenced by climatic change worldwide. In particular, under low solar radiation and cloudy weather, rice plants show abnormal physiological responses. In this experiment, plants of the rice cultivar Samgwangbyeo grown 40% and 70% shading and natural conditions at the primordium initiation stage (PI) for 30 days and the booting stage for 10 days up to heading were compared. After shading treatments, culm lengths were significnatly longer than that in natural condition plots, and panicle lengths were shorter in the 40% and 70% shading treatment plots compared to control plots. After heading, the production of dry matter treated at the PI stage was significantly lower than that at the booting stage. SPAD values of the leaf color and N concentration of leaves treated with shading were greater than those under natural conditions. In the shading treatment, the lodging index at 20 days after heading was significantly higher than that in natural condition. For yield components, number of panicles, spikelet number per panicle, and ripened grain ratio significantly decreased with shading treatment; thus, rice yield decreased significantly. For rice quality, the protein content of the head rice treated with shading was significantly higher than that in the control plot, but the amylose content of rice treated with shading was signifiantly lower than that in rice in control plots.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate propriety of impact factor in railway design code about truss bridge with dynamic loading test. This study also analyzes and compares impact factor and railway design code. A impact factor of all members of the truss is lowered by revising railway design code in 2013. The result of this study indicates that a reasonable standard for impact factor is required, because current impact factor which is specified in railway design code could not properly reflect dynamic response of specific type and member.

Autogenous shrinkage isn't currently defined in Korean Highway Bridge Specifications. Accordingly, the structural analysis was carried out to reflect the contents on the autogenous shrinkage of the Eurocode(fib Bulletin 55 : Model code 2010). As a result, we examined the possible initial crack caused by the autogenous shrinkage.

Lodging in the direct seeded rice cultivation on flooded paddy is being severe problem due to the lower production and grain quality at ripening stage. This study was conducted to examine the effect of Iprobenfos-metconazole (IPM) treated 50, 40 and 30 days before heading respectively as a plant regulator to reduce the lodging at ripening stage of direct seeding rice cultivation. The culm length treated with IPM, especially the 4th culm internode, was shortened more than with untreated plot, and the most effective time was at 30 days before heading. At 20 days after heading the flag leaves colour showed more greening than in the untreated leaves and the plot with IPM treatment was to be maintained longer compared to the control plot. The Nitrogen concentration of leaves with IPM was lower than in the control plot, and SiO2 contents were higher than in the untreated plot and SiO2/N ratio was increased more in the IPM plot than in the control plot. The breaking strength of 3rd and 4th culm internode with IPM treatment was higher than in the untreated plot, and the lodging index was reduced in the IPM plot significantly and the field lodging also was reduced. As the results the rice production in the IPM plot was increased more due to be higher ripening ratio and seed grain weight compared to the untreated plot to be occurred the field lodging.

LB-Deck is one of the widely used member in interior part of girders as a permanent formwork in structures, but it is not easy to apply to the exterior part of girder due to the overturning and excessive deflection. Considering allowable deflection and safety of the exterior part, Precast Concrete Cantilever Deck (PCC-Deck) is proposed with normal LB-Deck in inner part and extended bars of LB-Deck in outer part. Both numerical analyses and experimental tests were compared to check the safety and allowable deflection for 6 types of PCC-Deck, and D-type (with 16 mm top bar, 6 mm lattice bar, 12 mm bottom bar) is suggested as an optimal structural reinforcement to the 28 kN of maximum load and 27.49 mm of final deflection. The load resisting ratio of D-type under working load of 10 kN was about 2.8 times and 77.5% of improvement was observed.

This is a study on the curriculum of church history of the Korean Presbyterian Seminary from 1901 to 1935. The Korean Presbyterian Seminary was established in 1901. The seminary was built for the spread of the gospel not for the research of theology. W. L. Swallen was one of the founders of the seminary and he wrote the first textbook of church history in the Korean language in 1913. The book was entitled Kyohoisaki (敎會史記) : the Book of Church History. The editorial system of the Kyohoisaki was a dictionary of history. The theological foundation of the book was evangelical. A new text of church history of Presbyterian Seminary was published in the 1930’s. The new text’s theological foundation was evangelical, the same as Swallen’s text. But the level of study of church history was developed further. The new text included the advanced objectivity of historical description, methodology of history and the system of editing. The Presbyterian seminary could offer the academical curriculum of the church history in the 1930’s.

This study is that larger scale and longer span of construction in concrete structures urge increasing use of mass concrete, high-flowing concrete among them is more widely used for improvement of quality and concrete constructability, but it may cause occurrence of cracks due to autogeneous shrinkage as well as heat of hydration. In this regard, the present study provides comparative analysis on temperature characteristics subject to varied locations through experiments adopting a PSC girder in which high-flowing concrete is used; moreover, it analyzes heat of hydration through the FEM to perform the crack analysis of the PSC girder in such a way that the result thereof is compared with that of the experiment.

In this study, simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses were utilized for evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of 17 accessions. Five cultivars, which were developed from Korea, and 12 foreign accessions, which were collected from China, Japan, Russia and USA, were evaluated by nine markers out of 22 SSR markers. A total of 39 alleles were detected, ranging from 2 to 8, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus. The expected heterozygosity and PIC values were 0.627 and 0.553, with a range from 0.21 (GB-PG-078) to 0.76 (GB-PG-142) and from 0.19 (GB-PG-078) to 0.70 (GB-PG-142), respectively. Four makers out of nine SSR markers, GB-PG-026, GB-PG-043, GB-PG-142 and GB-PG-177, were selected as key factors for discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions. All of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions were individually by the combination of four SSR markers. Consequently, the SSR markers developed in this study may prove useful for the evaluation of genetic diversity and discrimination of Korean ginseng cultivars and foreign accessions.

American women missionaries in Korea had specific works for Korean women in the mission field. Traditionally, Korean women had less opportunity to be educated, to participate in social activity and self-achievement. Women mission changed the life of the Korean Christian women. The women religious education is the most important element to lead the women’s life. This is the study on the manual of weekly Prayer meeting by women missionaries of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. South. These documents were published in 1936, 1938 and 1939. The authors of each book were Meta L. Biggar, Talmage Eliza and Josephine Hounshell. These books show everyday piety and spirituality of Korean Christian women in the 1930’s. The most important goal of prayer was to improve Christian faith and to encourage discipleship of Jesus Christ. When they taught prayer, they had to read and study the Bible. They studied the bible to learn the life and teaching of Jesus Christ. In the prayers, they wished to participate in the way of Jesus Christ. These regulations of the prayer meetings displayed the pious heritage of evangelical protestant tradition. The modern Korean church has to develop the noble tradition rather than accept contemporary secularity.

During the communication and interaction with a human using motions or gestures, a humanoid robot needs not only to look like a human but also to behave like a human to make sure the meanings of the motions or gestures. Among various human-like behaviors, arm motions of the humanoid robot are essential for the communication with people through motions. In this work, a mathematical representation for characterizing human arm motions is first proposed. The human arm motions are characterized by the elbow elevation angle which is determined using the position and orientation of human hands. That representation is mathematically obtained using an approximation tool, Response Surface Method (RSM). Then a method to generate human-like arm motions in real time using the proposed representation is presented. The proposed method was evaluated to generate humanlike arm motions when the humanoid robot was asked to move its arms from a point to another point including the rotation of its hand. The example motion was performed using the KIST humanoid robot, MAHRU.