Objective : To evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance in relation to the instrumental activities of daily living in Korean elderly women living in Seoul, Pundang, and Kwang-ju county.Method : To evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance, LOTCA-G battery was employed while IADL by Lawton and Brody was used to evaluate the instrumental activities of daily living. T-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the accumulated data.Results : The total cognitive perceptual performance score (LOTCA-G) and the total instrumental activities of daily living score (IADL) generally demonstrated a high correlation : (1) From observing the correlation of each items, the ability to use the telephone demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation, concentration, visuomotor organization, perception, memory, thinking operation and praxis (2) While shopping demonstrated a positive correlation with think-ing operation, visuomotor organization, orientation and memory (3) Food preparation demon-strated a positive correlation with orientation, thinking operation, visuomotor organization, con-centration, memory and praxis (4) While house keeping had a positive correlation with ori-entation, memory, visuomotor organization, thinking operation, concentration and perception (5) Laundry demonstrated a positive correlation with all of the items except visuomotor organization (6) While the mode of transportation demonstrated a positive correlation with all of the items including orientation and memory (7) Responsibility for one’s own medication demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation and thinking operation (8) The ability to handle finances demonstrated a positive correlation with orientation and all of the items.Conclusion : Cognitive perceptual performance was found to be significantly correlated with the instrumental activities of daily living skills. In particular, orientation and thinking operation, which are the items of cognitive perceptual performance affected the instrumental activities of daily living the most. Thus, orientation, perception, visuomotor organization, thinking operation, memory, praxis, concentration and cognitive perceptual performance need to improve not only so elderly women may live independently in the community but so as to offer them a high stand-ard of livin.

Since 1982, female agricultural workers are populous than male in Korea. Previous study was suggested that female workers are more sensitive to the agricultural medicine poisoning than male. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the impact on plasma components and nutrient intakes in female agricultural workers by the use of pesticides. Data were obtained from 44 females residing in Wonjoo, Kangwon-do area. Analysis for the general characteristics, nutrient intakes, and plasma components of the subjects were performed by physical examination, 24-hour recall method and venous blood sampling. They were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of the pesticide use: 8 in none(Non-expose group), 14 in low(〈4/yr)(Low-expose group), and 22 in high(≥4/yr)(High-expose group). The results are summarized as follows. Serum glucose, SGOT, SGPT, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol did not correlated with pesticide use and were not different among the groups. But serum total cholesterol was higher in pesticide use group. With increasing the number of pesticide use times, leukocyte count was tended to increased. Eighty two percent of the subjects were hemoglobin less than or equal to 12g/dl. Hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, serum Fe, Serum ferritin belonged to normal range and did not correlated with pesticide use. Intake of energy, Fe, vitamin B2 were lower than RDA. Fe, K, and vitamin A intake were higher in don't use group than the other groups. There are not many differences according to using the pesticide in anthropometric measurements, nutrient intakes, and blood components, except for serum total cholesterol level and some nutrients intake. But these results suggest the need the systemic researches about the effects the pesticide using on nutritional status in Korean agricultural workers.

본 연구는 중학교 교과서의 대기압 단원을 학습하였을 때 학생들의 개념유형이 어떻게 변하는지 조사하고, 대체개념을 개선해나갈 수 있는 실험방법을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 중학교 2학년을 대상으로 ‘대기압’ 에 관한 사전 개념을 질문지와 면담을 통하여 조사하고 두 집단으로 나누어 6차 교육과정의 중학교 2학년 과학교과서 중 8종의 교과서에 나오는 대기압에 관한 실험을 모두 한 집단과 교과서 외의 제안실험을 한 집단으로 구분하여 2주 동안 실시하였다. 두 집단간의 수업방식은 차별화하지 않았고 실험소재만 다르게 하였으며, 기압단원 학습 일주일 후 동일한 질문지를 사용하여 개념변화를 알아보았다. 결론적으로 학생들의 기압에 대한 대체개념이 학습 후에도 쉽게 변화되지 않았지만, 제안실험을 한 집단이 기압에 대한 개념형성이 효과적으로 나타난 점으로 보아 대체개념을 개선시킬 수 있는 다양한 학습방법과 과학적 개념획득을 위한 실험손재가 지속적으로 연구되어져야 할 필요성이 있다.

In this study, ohmic heating was applied for pasteurization of red pepper powder, and investigated its pasteurization effect. After pasteurization, seasoned squid jeotkal was manufactured by using red pepper powder, and its quality changes were investigated. On comparing sensory evaluation in squid jeotkal by pasteurized and conventional red pepper powder during storage at 5, 15 and 25℃, quality changes in squid jeotkal by the pasteurized red pepper powder. But quality change difference between two products were decrease with increasing storage temperature. Viable cell counts in two products stored at 5℃ were increased slowly until 60 days. Viable cell counts in squid jeotkal by conventional red pepper powder were increased up to ca. 10^6 CFU/g at 15, 25℃ after 30, 15 days, respectively, but that by pasteurized were ca. 10^8 CFU/g at 25℃ after 30 days. Changes in pH, VBN and NH₂-N in two products were shown difference significantly, but were decreased by increasing storage temperature. In squid jeotkal by conventional red pepper powder, the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, leucine, glycine, aspartic acid and alanine, and these amino acids held 47.95% of the total free amino acid. But in squid jeotkal by pasteurized red pepper powder, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine, and these amino acids held 57.58% of the total free amino acids.

The low salt seasoned jeotkal, salted and fermented fisheries product, may has some problems, such as short shelf-life, its putrefaction by mining some microorganism from additives. It was considered that most microorganism in seasoned jeotkal were introduced from red pepper powder. Therefore, it is important to pasteurize red pepper powder for improving its microbial quality. When red pepper powder was pasteurized by ohmic heating, the survival cell concentration in red pepper powder was reduced to 1-log-unit at 500 V/m, 700 V/m, above 80℃. But viable cell counts were reduced from 8.5 × l0^6CFU/g to 2.1 × 10₂CFU/g, i.e. 4.6-log-unit, during ohmic heating at 90 for 40 min. Color values of red pepper powder during ohmic heating with different holding time were not changed significantly. When squid jeotkal was manufactured by using the pasteurized red pepper powder, viable cell counts of the product were decreased by about three log cycles, compare with control product. And also the counts of fungi were significantly decreased.

A change in distribution structure affect a consumption structure which may result in considerable changes in lifestyle including food purchase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of change of distribution structure on the indigenous fermented food purchase. The informations of this study were obtained from 407 housewives residing in Seoul and the capital area by using questionnaire during May to June, 1997 Their data were statistically analyzed based on frequency, mean, and 2-test. The results were as follows; 1) The percentages of subjects buying ready made fermented food were 69.8% for Jotkals(salt-fermented fish products), 22.3% for Kochujang(fermented red pepper soybean paste), 21.6% for Janachis(pickled basic side dishes), 21% for Kanjang(Korean style soybean sauce), 17.1% for Toenjang(Korean style soybean paste), and 3% for Kimchi(seasoned and fermented vegetables). 2) With decreasing age, preparation ability of Kanjang, Janachis, and Kimchi. The subjects living close to the new distribution channel were higher in ready made fermented food than the others. 3) Compared to the subject living far from the new distribution channel, the subject living close to the new distribution channel was high in frequency of new distribution channel utilization for indigenous fermented food purchase but low in frequency of conventional market utilization. The younger in age, higher in educational level, and nuclear family, the higher the utilization of new distribution channel for indigenous fermented food purchase.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance skills in relation to activities of daily living(ADL) by using Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(L0TCA) to measure the cognitive perceptual performance and FIM to measure the ADL. The subjects in this study were 24 stroke patients who were admitted for intensive treatment at Department of Rehabilitation in Samsung Medical Center from December. 1997 to June. 1998. SAS was used to analyze data. Using simple regression analysis was used to measure influence of LOTCA on FIM at discharge and to measure influence of patient's concentration on both FIM and LOTCA. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to confirm the relationship of FIM to each subtest of LOTCA. The results of this study are as follow : 1. Statistically. LOTCA score at admission showed correlationship with FIM score at discharge. (R2 = 0.50. p<0.0001) 2. Visuomotor organization showed the most significant correlation between LOTCA on FIM at discharge. Motor FIM with perception and visuomotor organization, and cognitive FIM with perception showed significance. 3. The relationship between each subtest of FIM and each subtest of LOTCA. self-care was significantly correlated with visuomotor organization and perception. sphincter control was significantly correlated with orientation and perception, mobility and locomotion was significantly correlated with orientation and visuomotor organization, communication was significantly correlated with perception, social cognition was significantly correlated with perception and thinking operation. LOTCA is significantly correlated to FIM at discharge. Therefore, LOTCA can predict the ADL performance skills. Also, orientation and perception are the most predictable area of LOTCA throughout the entire subtests.

Distribution structure is the link between a society's needs and its industrial responses. A change in distribution structure brings about a consumption structure which may results in considerable changes in lifestyle including food habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a effect of change of distribution structure on the food purchase. The survey was carried from May to June, 1997 by way of questionnaire of 407 housewives, aged 23-64 years, in Seoul and the capital area. The questionaire consists of sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and distribution channel, information route of food selection, acknowledgement and coefficient of utilization of new distribution channel, mainly used distribution channel in food purchase, important factors in food selection, and food purchasing behavior. Their data were statistically analyzed based on frequency, mean, and 2-test. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Most frequently used distribution channels in food purchase were supermarket(38.53%), department store(15.23%), discount store(14.05%), a conventional retail market(13.87%), membership wholesale club(8.07%), and a conventional wholesale market(6.53%). 2) The new distribution channels that subjects have ever used were discount store(75.4% of the subject), membership wholesale club(63%), mail order house(32%), outlet store(29.4%), home shopping(10.3%). 3) Compared to the subject living far from the new distribution channel, the subject living close to the new distribution channel was higher in frequency of new distribution channel utilization. These observations suggest that change of the distribution structure promotes the change of the food purchasing behavior.

주요 약용작물중(藥用作物中)의 하나로 울릉도와 영양 등 경북 북부지역에서 많이 재배되고 있는 일천궁의 종근생산(種根生産)을 목적으로 경정배양(莖頂培養) 유묘(幼苗)에 있어서 단기간내의 기내발근(器內發根) 배지구명과 포장정식 시기에 따른 지상부 및 근경생육을 알아보기 위하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 경정배양(莖頂培養)을 통해 생산된 유묘의 효과적인 발근배지(發根培地)는 IBA 1.0 mg/L와 BA 0.05 mg/L를 혼용처리한 것이 배양 30일 후 81%가 발근하여 가장 좋았으며 근수(根數)가 9개 이상인 배양묘를 기외이식하고 75% 차광하에 두었을때 생존율이 67%로 높았다. 포장 정식시기를 4월(月) 20일(日), 5월(月) 5일(日), 6월(月) 10일(日), 7월(月) 5일(日)로 하여 정식하였을 때 5월(月) 5일(日) 정식한 유묘(幼苗)가 생존율(生存率) 72%, 초장 33cm, 줄기수 47개로 지상부 생육이 가장 좋았고, 지하부의 근경생육은 5윌 5일 정수록 근경형성율(根莖形成率)은 높은 편이었으나 근경수(根莖數)와 무게는 다소 적었다.

기관분화(器官分化)된 유채의 조직으로부터 재분화되는 식물체의 획득빈도를 높이고자 이에 관여하는 몇가지 요인에 대한 실험을 수행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 유채의 종자, 무균배양(無菌培養)된 자엽(子葉), 하배축(下胚軸) 및 엽절편(葉切片)배양에서 명상태에서 보다는 암상태에서 캘러스의 생장이 왕성하였고, 하배축(下胚軸)과 자엽조직(子葉組織)에서 형성된 캘러스에서 shoot 분화능력이 높은 편이었다. 자엽(子葉) 및 하배축(下胚軸) 조직(組織)의 캘러스형성에는 2, 4-D 단용보다 2, 4-D와 kinetin 또는 BAP를 혼용하는 것이 효과적이었으며, 자엽조직(子葉組織)의 경우는 2, 4-D(1.0 mg/)와 0.1mg/의 kinetin이 첨가된 배지에 형성된 캘러스를 0.1mg/의 NAA와 2.0 mg/의 kinetin이 첨가된 배치에 이식하였을 때 shoot 분화율이 16.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 하배축(下胚軸) 조직(組織)에서는 1.0mg/의 2, 4-D와 0.5mg/의 kinetin이 첨가된 배지에서 형성된 캘러스를 0.1mg/의 NAA와 4.0mg/의 kinetin이 혼용된 배지에 이식하였을 때 shoot 분화율(分化率)이 24%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 자엽(子葉) 및 하배축(下胚軸) 조직(組織)의 캘러스 형성과 shoot분화능력의 유채 품종간(品種間) 차이는 매우 뚜렷하게 인정되었고, 자엽(子葉)보다는 하배축(下胚軸) 조직(組織)에서 형성된 캘러스에서 shoot 분화능력이 현저히 높게 나타났다.

This study was carried out to find out the effect of dietary intake on cognitive function retardation in old age using dietary survey and cognitive function test. The subjects were 332 men of 50-94 years old and their activities of daily living were very similar. The cognitive function was tested by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)-K which was translated from MMSE, and the 24-hour recall method was used for dietary survey. Scoring of MMSE-K was a little different from MMSE, that is, in case of no education, one to four points were added to exclude the effect of education which has been considered as a confounder by many researchers. The number of subjects belonging to below 23 of MMSE-K score was increased by increasing age. Even though points were added in case of no education, the ratio of below 23 MMSE-K score group was diminished by increasing education. Therefore, education seems not to be a confounder but a independent variable on cognitive function. Income, past occupation, family type, self-evaluated health status did not play any effect on cognitive function significantly. On the other hand, the correlation between each nutrients and the score of cognitive function test showed that the more consumption of vitamin A and protein, the higher cognitive function score was obtained. In case of iron and Ca, even though it was not statistically significant, there was a tendency of increasing cognitive function score by increasing the intake of those nutrients. This study suggests that micronutrient intakes might be more related to cognitive function than macronutrients.

‘Hwaweon 6’ was developed from a cross between ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ and a wild species, Oryza minuta L. (Acc. No. 101154) based on marker-assisted selection and backcrossing. The recurrent parent ‘Hwaseongbyeo’ is a high grain quality cultivar with medium maturity. Hwaweon 6 is nearly isogenic to Hwaseongbyeo except a small O. minuta introgressed segment on chromosome 7 harboring genes related with spikelets per panicle. The preliminary and replicated yield trial was conducted at Chungnam National University and Chungcheongnamdo Agricultural Research & Extension (CARES), Yesan in 2009 and 2010. The local adaptability test was carried out by the National Seed Management Office (NSMO) in 2011 and 2012. This cultivar was registered to NSMO with a cultivar designated as Hwaweon 6. This cultivar averaged 80cm in culm length and has a medium growth duration. Milled rice of Hwaweon 6 is translucent and the grain quality traits are comparable to those of the recurrent parent. The average yield potential of Hwaweon 6 in grain was about 6.57 MT/ha at the ordinary fertilizer level for two years about 3.0% higher than that of Hwaseongbyeo due to an introgression of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for spikelets per panicle (qSPP7) from O. minuta. This variety is comparable to Hwaseongbyeo in low temperature germinability and cold tolerance. The qSPP7 QTL would be useful in enhancing yield potential in rice breeding program.