How to effectively deal with the polluted water by the pollutant of organic dyes is the world problem. It is of great significance if the organic dyes in the polluted water can be directly turned into the useful materials through a facile approach. Herein, the water which contains the common organic dye, Reactive red 2 (RR2), has been chosen to be the model to synthesize graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by a facile route. The comprehensive characterizations, including TEM (HRTEM), XPS, Raman, PL and UV–Vis. spectra, have been performed to confirm the structures and explore the properties of the synthesized GQDs. Meanwhile, the excellent PL properties and low biotoxicity of the GQDs confer them with the potential applications in the biological fields. When the GQDs are excited by the wavelength of 360 nm, the maximum emission is achieved at 428 nm. It is well demonstrated that the synthesized GQDs are able to detect the Al3+ which causes multiple diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, kidney disease, and even cancer. The detection range is from 90 to 800 μM, which is different from the reported kinds of the literature. Therefore, this work not only provides an economical and environmental route on solving the universal problem from organic dyes, but also facilitates to advancing the synthesis and application of GQDs.

The main develop stages of forage breeding in China was reviewed. The achievements in forage germplasm collection, preservation and evaluation were briefed. Registration varieties were classified. The improvement of forage breeding methods and techniques were summarized. Finally, make prospects on forage breeding of China.

In this study, GSTs gene homology fragment from Mongolian wheatgrass(Agropyron mongolicum Keng) was isolated using homology-based method. one partials gene sequences have been obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Sequence analysis using Software of DNAman and DNAuser etc, and showed that the cDNA sequences was 344 base pairs, encoding 62 amino acids. The partial gene had C-terminal conserved domains of substrate binding pocket (H-site) of GSTs superfamily. Homology comparison with GSTs gene amino acid sequences in other plants showed that it was 91% identical to 19E50 of wheat, 90% to pk0078 and 88% to gstf6. It was named as MwGSTs.

Thee kinds of explants, young spikes, immature and mature embryos, was compared in callus induction, embryogenic callus formation, differentiation and plant regeneration of Russian wildrye. Callus induction efficient of young spikes is highest. The imature embryos formed more somatic embryogenesis, and with highest frequency of embryogenic callus.

This paper concerns with the relationship between the visual perception of the degree of pucker or wrinkles of garment surfaces and the geometrical parameters of surfaces. In this study, four potentially relevant parameters of the surface profile are considered, namely, the variance (σ2), the cutting frequency (Fc), the effective disparity curvature (Dce) (Defined as the average disparity curvature of the wrinkled surface over the eyeball distance of the observer) and the frequency component of the disparity curvature ( Dcf). Based on the experiments using garment seams having varying degree of pucker (i.e. the wrinkles along a seam line), it was found that, while the logarithm of each of these four parameters has a strong linear relationship with the visually perceived degree of wrinkles, following the Web-Fetchner Law, the effective disparity curvature ( Dce) and the frequency component of the disparity curvature (Dcf) appeared to have stronger relationships with the visual perception. This finding is in agreement with the suggestion by Rogers & Cagenello that human visual system may compute the disparity curvature in discriminating curved surfaces. It also suggested an objective method of measuring the degree of surface wrinkles.