This study explores the electrochemical modification of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by incorporating 1,10-phenanthroline groups prior to the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), aiming to enhance the performance on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The introduction of 1,10-phenanthroline onto the rGO surface significantly improved its ability to coordinate metallic cations, compared to unmodified rGO. This enhanced coordination capacity led to a more efficient deposition of Ag NPs. Notably, increasing the amount of 1,10-phenanthroline groups grafted onto the rGO further boosted the number of deposited Ag NPs, substantially improving ORR performance. These results demonstrate that increasing the number of coordination units on rGO sheets prior to metal incorporation can significantly enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency of the resulting nanocomposites. This work emphasizes the importance of functionalizing rGO surfaces to optimize their catalytic properties for energy conversion and storage applications. This modification of rGO also paves the way for broader potential applications across various fields.

Due to its superior recycling characteristics, recycled-cotton has become a key material driving the eco-friendly transformation of the fashion industry. However, this transformation depends not only on material innovation in the production phase but also on consumers’ perception and acceptance of recycled-cotton fashion products. This study aims to identify the core determinants shaping consumers’ purchase intention toward recycled-cotton fashion products by analyzing how perceived consumption value dimensions influence purchase intention through behavioral attitudes and subjective norms and by testing the moderating effect of altruism. Data were collected from 280 consumers aged 20–59 years who had previous experience purchasing recycled-cotton fashion products. The mediating and moderated mediating effects were empirically verified using PROCESS Macro Models 4 and 7. The results revealed that emotional, economic, social, functional, and environmental value all exerted significant positive effects on behavioral attitudes and subjective norms and indirectly influenced purchase intention through behavioral attitudes and subjective norms. However, altruism demonstrated a significant moderating effect only on the path linking functional value to purchase intention via behavioral attitudes. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of consumption value, behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, and altruism in shaping consumers’ purchase intention for recycled-cotton fashion products and offer actionable implications for promoting the market diffusion of recycled fashion.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents a novel technology for the desalination and purification of seawater. Selecting the appropriate electrode material is crucial, with carbon electrodes frequently employed owing to their high specific surface area, extensive porous structure, and environmentally sustainable nature. This study presents a nitrogen-doped porous carbon, derived from household waste, which demonstrates outstanding electrochemical and desalination performance. The purified chitosan was mixed with a specific ratio of CaCO3 and carbonized at 800 °C to produce chitosan porous carbon (CPC-T). To verify the role of the templating agent, its performance was compared with chitosan porous carbon (CPC) prepared by direct carbonization. CPC-T possesses more mesoporous structures (31.25%), shortening ion transport pathways and significantly enhancing charge transfer rates. The nitrogen-rich doping (8.65 at%) provides numerous active sites and excellent conductivity, making it highly appropriate for capacitive deionization applications. Compared to CPC prepared without a templating agent, CPC-T has a higher specific capacitance (101.5 F g− 1 at a scan rate of 2 mV s− 1) and good cycling stability. The CDI cell made from it exhibits a salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 25.8 mg g− 1 for 500 mg L− 1 NaCl solution at an applied voltage of 1.4 V, retaining 88% capacity after 50 adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating excellent desalination regeneration performance. Additionally, among different concentrations of salt solutions, the CPC-T material shows the best desalination performance for the test solution at a concentration of 500 mg L− 1. For different solute ions, the CDI cell with this material as the electrode exhibits excellent desalination performance for Ca2+, with a SAC value of up to 34.02 mg g− 1. This is a self-doped porous carbon material that significantly outperforms traditional carbon-based materials.

Because intact FMDV particles (146S) are often unstable in vitro, stabilizing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens remains a key challenge in studying viral charateristics. Therefore, finding optimal condition to stabilize the FMDV is essential. In this study, we investigated formulations and potentials of several stabilizers such as appropriate buffer, excipients, and storage conditions to enhance the stability of 146S. Inactivated FMDV O-Jincheon (O-JC) was dissolved in various buffer formulations, and stored at 4℃ for two months to evaluate quantity of 146S at every 2-week interval. Among phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Tris buffered saline (TBS), HEPES buffered saline (HBS), and MOPS buffered saline (MBS), PBS showed more effective 146S stabilization that showed 1.3-1.6 fold higher 146S fraction than TBS, HBS, and MBS after storage for 2 weeks. However, constant dissociations of 146S were observed in all formulations at 8 weeks. Compared with other FMDVs, A22 Iraq and SAT-1, in PBS, O-JC proved to be the least stable in PBS. A variety of excipients including carbohydrate, sugar alcohol, cryo-protectant were tested for the capability in protecting O-JC from dissociation. By adding 4-8% sucrose, more than 60% of 146S fractions were maintained at 8 weeks, those were at least 1.8 fold higher than the PBS-only control. Addition of 1% β-cyclodextrin showed synergistic enhancement in O-JC stability. As the results of this study, it could be suggested that the PBS-based buffer together with 4-8% sucrose + 2% sorbitol or 2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol + 1% β-cyclodextrin could help the better stability of the O-JC in vaccine preparation.

The inclusion of conductive carbon materials into lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for constructing an electrical network of electrodes. Considering the demand for cells in electric vehicles (e.g., higher energy density and lower cell cost), the replacement of the currently used carbon black with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) seems inevitable. This review discusses how CNTs can contribute to the development of advanced LIBs for EVs. First, the reason for choosing CNTs as a conducting agent for the cathode is discussed in terms of energy density. Second, the reinforcing effect of CNTs on the anode is described with respect to the choice of silicon as the active material. Third, the development of water-based cathode fabrication as well as dry electrode fabrication with aid of CNTs is discussed. Fourth, three technical hurdles, that is, the price, dispersion issue, and entrapped metal impurities, for widespread use of CNTs in LIBs are discussed.

공상과학소설(Science-Fiction; 이후 Sci-Fi로 표기)은 미래 세계에 대한 인간의 판타지를 표현하는 장르다. 이는 TV 쇼, 영화, 게임 분야에서 항상 뜨거운 주제였다. Sci-Fi 영화와 Sci-Fi 게임은 대부분 상위권에 오르고 있다. 하지만, 학계에서는 주로 Sci-Fi 영화에서 대한 논의에 더 집중하는 경향이 있다. 예를 들어, <Research on Color Modes of Well-known Contemporary Films(2020)>에 따르면, 최근 몇 년 동안 할리우드 Sci-Fi 영화의 주류 색상은 빨간색과 파란색에서 주황색, 노란색, 파란색, 녹색으로 바뀌었다고 분석하고 있다. 또한, Sci-Fi 영화와 관련된 질적 연구와 연구의 많은 성과가 있었다. 그러나 Sci-Fi 게임의 색조 경향에 대한 연구와 연구 는 매우 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 Adams Roberts의 Sci-Fi 소설의 7가지 요소를 사용 한다. 이러한 7 가지 요소에 대한 Metacritic 점수가 사례 선택의 표준으로 사용되었다. 본 연구의 분석 대상으로는<HALO 3>, <Death Stranding>, <Cyberpunk 2077> 등 우수 PC게임 3종이 선정하였다. 또한, 데이터 분석은 NCS 색상 시스템을 기반으로 수행되어 Sci-Fi 게임의 색조 유사성에 대해 논의한다. 마지막으로, 우수한 게임의 색상 적 용에 대한 주요 성향을 결론짓고 요약함으로써, 본 연구는 Sci-Fi 게임의 색상 생산에 대한 몇 가지 이론적 참 조와 기초 데이터를 제공하고자 한다.

This study aims to investigate the effect of an aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN) coating on tool wear and hole quality in the conventional drilling process of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, titanium alloy (Ti), and CFRP–Ti stack workpieces popular in the aerospace industry. The advanced arc plasma acceleration (APA) method of physical vapor deposition (PVD) was used for all AlCrN coatings. The drilling experiments were conducted with uncoated drills as well as AlCrN-coated drills. When drilling CFRP only, the AlCrN coating was removed at the drill cutting edges and the margin area, which suggests the carbon fibers abraded the coatings. When drilling Ti only, the AlCrN-coated drill mitigated the Ti adhesion formation, which resulted in less tool wear. In addition, hole quality for both CFRP and Ti was improved when the coating was used versus the uncoated tool. The machinability of CFRP–Ti stacks in the drilling process was improved by utilizing the advanced AlCrN coating on the WC tool in terms of drilling forces and hole quality parameters such as average hole size, average hole roundness, hole surface roughness, and Ti exit burr height.

Seaports are under high-speed developing and booming with the extend of the facilities and equipment to support the port activities and industry’s needs. It may bring environment destruction due to the change of the environmental conditions, likes forests, soils, water, and air. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the negative environmental impact due to seaport activities in Malaysia. The priority dominant factors are determined through analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Malaysia Port is selected as case study and 20 respondents are selected from virous department based on their expertise. Pari-wise comparison survey is used to collect data. The results shown that the negative environmental impact’s main elements are water (0.451), noise (0.262), organism (0.181), and air (0.106). Meanwhile, the toxicity is the prominent negative environmental impact’s sub-element of port activities, which scored 0.241, followed by interfering communication (0.142), and smell (0.134). The CR values are less than 0.1 and are considered acceptable. Hence, the outcome of the paper stimulated public awareness toward environmental protection. The development and expansion of seaports must consider environment conservation and preservation, and it cannot bring irreparable sequelae to the earth.