Soft magnetic powder materials are used throughout industries such as motors and power converters. When manufacturing Fe-based soft magnetic composites, the size and shape of the soft magnetic powder and the microstructure in the powder are closely related to the magnetic properties. In this study, Fe-Si-Al-P alloy powders were manufactured using various manufacturing process parameter sets, and the process parameters of the vacuum induction melt gas atomization process were set as melt temperature, atomization gas pressure, and gas flow rate. Process variable data that records are converted into 6 types of data for each powder recovery section. Process variable data that recorded minute changes were converted into 6 types of data and used as input variables. As output variables, a total of 6 types were designated by measuring the particle size, flowability, apparent density, and sphericity of the manufactured powders according to the process variable conditions. The sensitivity of the input and output variables was analyzed through the Pearson correlation coefficient, and a total of 6 powder characteristics were analyzed by artificial neural network model. The prediction results were compared with the results through linear regression analysis and response surface methodology, respectively.

목적 : 본 연구는 지역사회 거주 고령자의 건강과 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 다면적 라이프스타일을 측정할 수 있는 라이프스타일 프로파일 개발을 위하여 구성요소를 도출 하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 2019년 1월부터 2019년 2월까지 노인과 라이프스타일에 관련된 전문가 패널 13명에게 델파 이 기법을 사용하여 의견을 수렴하였다. 본 연구는 총 3차에 걸쳐 설문조사를 수행하였다. 1차 델파이 설문에는 문헌고찰을 근거로 라이프스타일에 대한 정의와 노인의 다면적 라이프스타일을 측정하기 위한 구성요소에 대해 개방형과 폐쇄형 질문을 혼합하여 전문가의 의견을 수렴하였다. 2차 델파이 조사에서는 1차 설문 결과를 반영하여 중복 항목 삭제, 수정 및 재구조화 하였다. 3차 델파이 조사는 2차 설문조사의 응답을 전문가 패널에게 제시한 후 전문가의 의견을 최종 수렴하였다. 결과 : 1차 델파이 결과에서 노인의 다면적 라이프스타일 프로파일 관련 항목으로 총 66개의 항목이 도출되었다. 이후 연구 저자들의 중복 항목 삭제, 수정 및 보완을 거쳐 총 27개의 항목이 도출되었다. 2차 델파이 결과는 내용 타당도 비율 .54를 이하의 값을 보인 5개의 항목 중 연구자 간의 합의에 따라 3개 의 항목만을 삭제하여 총 24개의 항목이 도출되었다. 최종 3차 델파이에서는 총 3항목이 내용 타당도 비율 .54 이하로 선정되었으나, 문헌고찰과 연구자 간의 합의에 근거하여, 최종적으로 24개의 항목을 선 정하였다. 델파이 결과의 평균 내용 타당도 비율은 .83, 안정도는 .14, 수렴도는 .18, 합의도는 .88로 높 게 분석되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 노인의 다면적 라이프스타일을 측정할 수 있는 항목들을 개발하였으며, 관련 평가 항목의 내용 타당도를 검증하였다. 향후 노인의 다면적 프로파일 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Maturation-promoting factor (MPF) is well-known as cell cycle regulator during oocyte maturation and fertilization. MPF activity maintains high levels and arrest the cell cycle progression until fertilization. After fertilization, Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) mediated degradation of cyclin B causes decrease of MPF activity. One of the cytostatic factor (CSF), Emi2 inhibits APC/C activity by binding to APC/C-cdc20, therefore blocks the proteolysis of cyclin B. Degradation of Emi2 requires phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Thus recognition and phosphorylation of Emi2 by Plk1 are essential step for meiotic cell cycle resumption. In our previous research, we found that two phosphorylated threonine regions at amino acid position 152 and 176 in Emi2 are respectively contributed for recognition by polo-box domain of Plk1. Peptidomimetics 103-8 can block the interaction between Plk1-PBD and Emi2, and therefore meiotic maturation and meiosis resumption via parthenogenetic activation were impaired. However, major drawback of 103-8 was the limitation of penetration through the cell membrane. We synthesized the new peptidomimetics and checked bioavailability in mammalian oocyte by injection and media treatment. Medium treatment with peptidomimetics C-4, meiotic maturation has significantly decreased and meiotic resumption via parthenogenetic activation has perfectly impaired. For the next experiment, we are preparing X-ray crystallography to identify the binding modes between Plk1-PBD and peptidomimetics C-4.

The longhorn pine sawyers, Monochamus saltuarius and M. alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are vectors of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), the causal pathogens of pine wilt disease in Korea. Recently, an aggregation pheromone, 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol, identified from M. galloprovincialis and M. alternatus, was shown to be effective for attracting several Monochamus species in Europe, North America, and East Asia. However, the effect of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol on attracting M. saltuarius remains largely unraveled. In this study, we investigated the abilities of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol along with host plant volatiles (α-pinene and ethanol) to attract M. saltuarius at a pine forest in Cheongsong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Pine trees in the field experiment site were not previously affected by pine wilt disease. The combination of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol with host plant volatiles was more effective than either of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol or host plant volatiles for attracting M. saltuarius. Both sexes of M. saltuarius were attracted to traps containing 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol with the host plant volatiles. Our study suggests that the aggregation pheromone in combination with host plant volatiles could be used for detection and population monitoring of M. saltuarius as well as for effective mass trapping in outbreak situations.

The pine wilt disease that blocks the path for water and nutrition in pine trees is caused by the nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). The nematode relies on the longhorn pine sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as vectors. Recently, 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol was identified as a male-produced aggregation pheromone of Monochamus species. In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-(undecyloxy) ethanol along with host plant volatiles -pinene and ethanol on attracting M. alternatus at a pine forest in Pohang, Korea from May, 2014 to July, 2014. To sustain the volatility of 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol and host plant volatiles, a superabsorbent polymer based on polyacrylic acids and water were added to the pheromone mixture. A total of 46 M. alternatus were collected from two field bioassays. Our results indicate that 2-(undecyloxy)ethanol is effective in attracting M. alternatus in Korea. Our study suggests that the aggregation pheromone could be used for detection and population monitoring of the beetles as well as for the effective mass trapping in outbreak situations.

The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater test-retest reliability of tibial external rotation angle measurement using a smartphone-based photographic goniometer, DrGoniometer (DrG) compared to a three-dimensional motion analysis system (Vicon). The current study showed an interchangeable method using DrG to measure the tibial external rotation angle in standing knee flexion at . Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. A rest session was conducted 30 minutes later for within-day reliability and five days later for between-day intra-rater test-retest reliability. To assess the validity of the measurement using DrG, we used a three dimensional motion analysis system as a gold standard to measure the angle of tibial external rotation. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) values were used to determine the within- and between- day intra-rater test-retest reliability of using DrG and a three dimensional motion analysis system. To assess validity, Pearson correlation coefficients were used for two measurement techniques. The measurement for tibial external rotation had high intra-rater test-retest reliability of within-day (ICC=.88) and between-day (ICC=.83) reliability using DrG and of within-day (ICC=.93) and between-day (ICC=.77) reliability using a three-dimentional motion analysis system. Tibial external rotation angle measurement using DrG was highly correlated with those of the three-dimensional motion analysis system (r=.86). These results represented that the tibial external rotation angle measurement using DrG showed acceptable reliability and validity compared with the use of three-dimensional motion analysis system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative data of downward pulling tension in subjects with scapular downward rotation syndrome (SDRS) before and after 6-week self scapular upward rotation exercise (SURE) program. Eleven subjects with bilateral SDRS. The downward pulling tension(DPT) was measured digital tension-meter. The tension force data were collected using a surface electromyography before and after a 6-week self-scapular SURE program. The significance of difference between pre- and post-program was assessed using a paired t-test, with the level of significance set at =.05. The results showed that significant differences between pre- and post-SURE program were found for DPT (p<.05). These findings suggest that 6-week self SURE program is effective for reducing DPT in subjects with SDRS. Additionally, our DPT measurement can be useful for maintaining shoulder position and providing quantitative data between pre- and post-SURE program during passive correction of scapular position test.

To improve abdominal muscles strengthening, double straight leg lowering (DSLL) has been widely used in physical therapy, fitness program, and athletic program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the lumbar stabilization maneuver with a pressure biofeedback unit on the muscle activity of rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) during DSLL. Fourteen healthy young men were recruited from university population. The electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the RA, EO, and IO of both sides. The normalized EMG activity was compared using a paired t-test. The study showed that EMG activity in the RA, EO, and IO was significantly higher during DSLL with lumbar stabilization (DSLL-LS) compared to performed DSLL (p<.05). These results suggest that DSLL-LS is recommended as an effective method for strengthening exercise for the abdominal muscles.