This study investigates the Dunhuang medallion patterns of the Tang Dynasty as its primary focus, conducting a systematic analysis of their morphological structures and color characteristics across four distinct historical phases, from the Early to the Late Tang periods. It also elucidates the evolution of patterns, tracing their transformation from the Early Tang's “cross” structure to the Middle-Late Tang's “six-partition” structure. Additionally, it interprets the sociological and cultural significance embedded within this progression. The study integrates shape grammar theory to create a layered deconstruction framework for pattern analysis based on split grammar principles and proposes an innovative design methodology that includes four deduction rules: generative, modifying, inherited, and derivative. New patterns are generated through vectorized extraction and regularized deduction, preserving traditional elements while aligning with modern aesthetics. The method's feasibility and utility were validated through a practical case using the design on a silk scarf, completing a research cycle of “analysis-extraction-derivation-validation.” Research shows that shape grammar provides a systematic method for innovating traditional patterns, while the resulting framework opens new avenues for reinterpreting cultural heritage.

본 연구는 향기가 강한 장미를 선발하고 이화학적 향기 특성 을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 향기가 있는 장미 라인의 꽃 향기 는 향분석기와 MOS타입 전자코를 이용하여 향 강도와 패턴을 조사하였다. 향기 분석 결과, 장미 라인들 중 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’ 이 가장 높은 향 강도를 나타냈으며, 전자코 데이터의 주성분분 석(PCA)과 판별함수분석(DFA) 결과, 다른 계통과 뚜렷이 구분 되는 향기 패턴을 보였다. 또한 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’과 모부본 품종인 ‘위스퍼’ 꽃잎의 휘발성 화합물을 헤드스페이스-고체상미 세추출법(HS-SPME)과 가스크로마토그래피-질량분석기(GC-MS) 를 이용하여 분석하였다. ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’의 주요 휘발성 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, citronellol, geraniol이었 으며, 모부본 품종 ‘위스퍼’의 주요 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene 및 cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-vinyl anisole이었다. 두 계통 은 화합물 조성과 각 성분의 상대 성분비에서 상당한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 향기 특성을 기반으로 한 천연 화훼 자원 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

국내 조직은 오랫동안 문화적·제도적 기반이 충분히 마련되지 않은 상태에서 외국의 인적자원 평가제 도를 무비판적으로 도입해 혼란을 겪어 왔다. 직무연구의 부재 속에서 직무분석을 전제로 한 평가방식을 적용하거나, 경쟁적 환경에도 불구하고 보수적·속인적 특성을 중심으로 한 평가를 지속한 사례가 대표적 이다. 특히 외환위기 이후 성과주의가 본격 도입되면서 연공중심의 기존 평가체계는 급격한 변화를 맞이 했고, 연봉제·인센티브제 등 새로운 보상체계의 확대는 팀워크 저하와 인간관계 훼손 등 부작용도 함께 초래하였다. 이러한 성과주의 체계가 조직 내에 안정적으로 정착하기 위해서는 무엇보다 평가시스템의 공정성·합리성·신뢰성 확보가 필수적이다. 본 연구는 (B)시설관리공단(FMA: Facilities Management Authority)의 인적자원 평가체계 운영 실태를 분석하고, 인사평가·내부평가·다면평가 각 영역에서 나타나 는 구조적 문제를 검토하여 개선방안을 제시하는 데 연구의 주안점을 두었다. 이론적 고찰과 실태분석 결과를 통합하여 인적자원평가의 타당성을 제고할 수 있는 대안을 도출하고, 조직 특성과 직무환경을 반 영한 전략적 인적자원 평가체계 구축을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제안하였다.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a promising carbon nanomaterial platform owing to its scalability and tunable surface properties. Although its electrical and structural characteristics have been widely explored, the precise modulation of the surface energy remains challenging, particularly in ultrathin configurations. In this study, we investigated the wetting behavior of an ultrathin LIG synthesized from a fluorinated polyimide (F-PI) thin-film precursor using ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation. Systematic variations in laser exposure induced morphologic transitions from hierarchical porous networks to compact planar structures, accompanied by changes in the chemical composition, including fluorine depletion and oxygen incorporation. These combined effects result in a broad range of wetting behaviors, including superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Remarkably, LIG produced under single irradiation exhibited a rose-petal-like wetting state characterized by a high contact angle and strong droplet adhesion, a phenomenon not previously reported in LIG systems. This work elucidates the interplay between laser-induced nanostructuring and surface chemistry in governing wetting behavior and establishes a controllable strategy for fabricating functional carbon surfaces for applications in microfluidics, selective adhesion, and water-repellent coating technologies.

This study analyzes how Bohemian styles were reinterpreted in modern fashion through the Chloé collections from the 2021 F/W to the 2024 S/S season, during which Gabriela Hearst served as creative director. A total of 221 photos from the Chloé ready-to-wear collections were collected from Vogue, a prominent fashion website, and analyzed. The design analysis method for empirical research involved a frequency analysis of formative characteristics, including especially silhouettes, materials, colors, and decorative elements that can be visually examined. Straight silhouettes were the most prevalent, reflecting the freedom of Bohemian style through layered styling. Regarding the materials, leather was the most prominent, and the use of suede, with its soft and flexible drape, conveyed romantic characteristics. Concerning colors, black was dominant, and when combined with folkloric decorations or silhouettes, it was used to emphasize ethnic traits. While minimal or undecorated designs were the most common among decorative elements, the use of pleats and flounces conveyed a feminine and romantic character through their fluid volume. By analyzing the formative characteristics of Chloé’s brand identity and the designer’s philosophy, this study showcases the need for further in-depth research into the formative traits of Bohemian style as interpreted by various high fashion brands. The findings are expected to serve as a valuable reference for future trend analysis and design development.

This study compares and analyzes the virtual fitting results of tailored jacket according to differences in digital production workflows using the CLO 3D virtual fitting program. The workflows presented in educational materials were examined based on the preparing, modeling, and finishing stages. This approach enabled identifying essential workflows and performing virtual fitting simulations using the same tailored jacket design to compare differences in results. The findings indicate that the pattern composition method directly influenced 3D appearance and structural stability of the garments. When more complex internal structures were incorporated, the silhouette appeared more realistic, although the increased number of contact points reduced simulation stability. Moreover, details such as armholes, sleeve slits, and welt pockets were most effectively represented in workflows that closely reflected actual sewing processes, thereby enhancing the overall completeness of the virtual garments. These results highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate workflow when considering the design objectives in digital garment production. In particular, adopting workflows based on real sewing structures is essential when the goal is to improve detail representation and overall garment completeness. This study emphasizes the academic significance of systematically examining workflow differences in CLO 3D, providing new insights into how digital garment production workflows influence simulation accuracy and quality.

This study proposes a mobile-based lightweight deep learning model (Lite-MCC) capable of reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures from a single RGB image. Conventional 3D reconstruction models require multi-view inputs or point cloud data and depend on large-scale computational resources, which limits their real-time applicability in practical environments. To address this limitation, the proposed Lite-MCC model simplifies the existing Multiview Compressive Coding (MCC) architecture, enabling accurate 3D reconstruction using only a single image. The model adopts a parallel structure consisting of a Vision Transformer (ViT-Tiny) and a Geometry Encoder to extract visual and spatial features simultaneously, while a Transformer Decoder generates the corresponding 3D point cloud. Furthermore, depth map–based input transformation and ONNX-based optimization are employed to achieve efficient real-time inference on edge devices. Experimental results on the CO3D dataset demonstrate that Lite-MCC reduces computational cost by 87% and memory usage by 65%, while maintaining a Chamfer Distance of 0.045, comparable to the original MCC model. These results indicate that the proposed method provides a promising direction for lightweight AI models enabling low-cost, real-time 3D recording and visualization.

This study explores how to integrate the generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool Midjourney into the fashion design process, emphasizing the visualization of sporty fashion concepts. The research applied Midjourney at every stage of the fashion design process: mood board, fashion sketch, flat drawing, production package, fashion show presentation, and store display and sales. Specifically, sporty fashion was selected as the theme, and customized prompts were developed from prior research and design principles to generate visual outputs for each stage. Furthermore, three apparel design experts evaluated the AI-generated images to assess Midjourney’s practical applicability and effectiveness in each phase of the fashion design workflow. Expert evaluations revealed that Midjourney was particularly effective in the early stages, offering diverse and visually engaging imagery that supported creative ideation and mood expression. The tool allowed quick exploration of different silhouettes during the sketching stage but was imprecise in detailed forms and proportions. Limitations became more evident in the flat drawing and work instruction stages, where outputs failed to accurately reflect material textures and technical construction. Prompt refinements and referencebased prompts were tested but often resulted in inconsistent or stylized outputs. Additionally, continuity between stages was missing. Midjourney shows potential as a creative tool, but experts highlight its limitations for practical industry application. Further research is needed to improve prompt optimization and training data for enhanced accuracy and usability in AI-assisted fashion design workflows.

This study analyzes the participants’ purchasing and wearing conditions of Jiu-Jitsu uniforms, identifying issues with current designs and proposing improvements. Data were collected from 160 participants through an online survey from April 15 to May 20, 2024. Frequency, cross-tabulation analyses, and one-way ANOVA were performed using SPSS 29.0. The survey included questions related to participants’ general information, uniform purchasing behavior, satisfaction with Jiu-Jitsu uniforms, preferred brands, and sizing, and fit satisfaction. The results revealed that most male participants were in their 30s, while female participants were in their 20s. A higher proportion of males were overweight, while females were likelier to have a normal BMI. Participants generally owned 3–6 uniforms, most purchases in the 160,000–200,000 KRW price range. International brands were preferred, and participants selected uniforms based on fit, quality, and design. The most common sizes were A1 and A1L, with overweight and obese participants tending to opt for additional size options. Key improvement areas included pants length and waist width. The findings highlight the need for unisex pattern designs for individuals in the B range (160–170cm) and patterns specifically designed for overweight males in the C range (170–180cm). This study provides valuable insights into Jiu-Jitsu uniform preferences and body typespecific requirements, offering foundational data for enhancing uniform design and functionality.

This study investigated the effect of manufacturing variables (including heating temperature) on the physicochemical properties of nanoemulsion delivery system (NDS) prepared with WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate and to study how the physicochemical properties of NDS affected the bioaccessibility of lycopene. The functional properties of the WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate were determined using the OPA method, interfacial tension, and EAI. The physicochemical and morphological properties of NDS were measured using Zetasizer and TEM, respectively. The bioaccessibility of lycopene in the WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate based NDS was measured using a spectrophotometer. As the pH and heating temperature increased, the Maillard conjugation efficiency increased significantly (p<0.0001). The emulsifying properties of the WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate were greater than those of WPI. A WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate based NDS with a size of ~180 nm was observed in TEM images while the droplet size of the WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate based NDS was smaller than that of the WPI based NDS. During in vitro digestion, no significant changes in the droplet size and PDI of NDS were observed in the mouth and stomach phases, whereas in the intestinal phase, the droplet size and PDI increased significantly (p<0.0001). Moreover, the bioaccessibility of lycopene in the WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate based NDS significantly increased (p<0.0001), compared with that of the WPI based NDS. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the bioaccessibility of lycopene with a decrease in the interfacial tension and droplet size of NDS. In conclusion, WPI/Inulin Maillard conjugate based NDS can be used to enhance the bioaccessibility of lycopene.

국내 원예작물에서 화분매개곤충의 의존도는 해마다 증가하고 있다. 우리는 사과, 딸기 등 화분매개곤충의 의존도가 높은 주요 과수와 시설작물에 대하여 화분매개곤충의 사용기술을 개발하고 이를 현장에 적용하는 연구를 수행하고 있다. 2021년부터 2022년까지 딸기, 키위 등 5가지 주요 농작물에서 화분매개벌을 적용한 결과, 딸기에서 뒤영벌의 적용결과 기존 꿀벌과 통계적으로 같은 수준의 화분매개효과를 나타내었으며, 하우스에서 농약적용시 하우스 밖으로 벌통을 위치시키는 것이 방치보다 벌의 소실을 20% 더 감소시킬 수 있었다. 인공수분 에 의존하고 있는 씨없는 수박에서 수분수 식재와 꿀벌을 이용함으로 기존 벌 방사보다 16% 착과율을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 시설고추에서 꿀벌과 뒤영벌의 혼합사용시 기존 꿀벌 방사보다 고추 수량이 10% 향상되었고, 토마토 에서 660㎡당 뒤영벌의 봉군량을 1.5배 증가시 토마토 수량은 4.4% 향상되었다. 키위는 꿀벌로 기존의 인공수분 을 충분히 대체할 수 있었고, 인건비가 60%이상 절감되었다. 또한 현재 시판중인 30종의 살충제와 27종의 살균제 에 대하여 24시간내 반수치사를 보인 농약은 각각 살충제 6종와 살균제 4종 이었다. 이어서 2023년부터 참외, 멜론, 사과, 단감에 대한 현장적용연구가 진행되고 있다.

Bee traffic at the hive entrance can be used as an important indicator of foraging activity. We investigated patterns of honeybees and bumblebees near their hives as a basis for calculating bee traffic using the image deep learning. The flight pattern near the hive differed significantly according to bee at entering and leaving the hive. Honeybees mainly showed flight that changed flight direction more than once (69.5%), whereas bumblebees mainly performed straight flight (48.7%) or had a single turn (36.5%) in flight. When bees entered the hive, honeybees primarily showed one-turn or two-turn flight patterns(88.5%), and bumblebees showed a one-turn flight pattern (48.0%). In contrast, when leaving the hive, honeybees primarily showed a straight flight pattern (63.0%), and bumblebees primarily showed a straight or one-turn pattern (90.5%). There was a significant difference in flight speed according to the flight pattern. The speed of straight flight (0.89±0.47 m/s) was 1.5 to 2.1 times faster than flight where direction changed. Therefore, our results can help determine the capturing and recognizing the flying image of bees when calculating bee traffic by image deep learning.

Entomopathogenic fungi serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigate the interactions between mosquitoes and Metarhizium anisopliae JEF-157, which showed high insecticidal activity against mosquitoes, by RNA-seq analysis. RNA from mosquitoes was extracted at the median lethal time to identify changes in gene expression. The results showed 580 genes were up-regulated, while 336 genes were down-regulated in fungal treated mosquitoes. Up-regulated genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes such as cytochrome P450, DNA replication, and apoptosis. Down-regulated genes were involved in metabolism pathways such as lysosome, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results are crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of fungal invasion and interaction in insects, providing insights for future pest management strategies.

Entomopathogenic fungi have been studied to control insect pests as an alternative to chemical insecticides. However, all fungi haven't a high virulence against pests. In this study, we compared the biological characteristics of Metarhizium anisopliae strains. First, we selected four M. anisopliae strains and compared the thermotolerance, conidial productivity, and virulence. For the thermotolerance test, conidial suspensions were exposed to 0, 30, 60, and 90 min at 45 °C. As a result, the conidial germination rates were over 95% when exposed for 0 min but, were 64, 37.7, 6, and 3% when exposed for 30 min at 45°C, respectively. To compare conidial productivity, 200g of millet were used and inoculated with a conidial suspension of 1 ml (1×107 conidia/ml). Conidial productivity was investigated after 14 days. As a result of conducting a virulence test against mealworms using a spray method, differences in virulence between strains were confirmed.