The objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial restoration of Hampyeong Stream and to analyze the determinants of demand for the multi-functionalities of the stream. A Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to estimate the multi-functional public benefits of restored stream area, and major determinants were scrutinized by establishing a demand model. The research data was collected by conducting a survey intended for Hampyeong’s local residents, resulting in 284 valid samples. In terms of determinants that affect willingness to pay (WTP), ‘physical factor of waterfront area’ and ‘experience factor of stream space’ showed a significantly positive influence on WTP. As a result of applying a double-bounded CVM, the willingness to pay for the restored Hampyeong Stream area indicated a potential contribution of 22,523 won (17,362~ 27,459 won, 95% confidence interval). When multiplying the number of households in Hampyeong-gun, the total annual value of Hampyeong Stream spatial restoration is approximately 302million won.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) undergo self-renewal division and generate spermatogenesis to produce mature spermatozoa. Very recently in some species, include rodent and farm animals, SSC has been isolated and cultured in vitro. In this study, we analysed SSC marker of both 5 days old and pubertal pig testis by histological method. In 5day pig testis, prior to set of spermatogenic differentiation, the seminiferous tubules contain a relatively large number of SSCs than in pubertal pig testis. Then putative pig SSCs were successfully isolated from 5 day pig testis, and cultured long term using CD34 positive cell culture media contained GDNF, bFGF, LIF and EGF. The SSC colonies were appeared at 3 days after cells were seed. The SSC colonies were alkaline phosphatase positive and strongly expressed PGP 9.5, PLZF and DBA, but not expressed GATA4 and LH receptors. The SSC colonies were stably proliferated in GDNF, bFGF, LIF and EGF contained CD34 positive cell culture media up to 60 days. This study will be facilitated to study of in vitro and ex vivo spermatogenesis and of production of transgenic pigs using sperm vector.