The leaves of Allium victorialis (AV) are known an edible perennial herb, which has been used in Korean traditional medicine. However, the beneficial pharmacological effects of AV extracts (AVE) on the antioxidant activity and atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate both antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of AVE on AD in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total polyphenol content and ferric reducing ability. AVE showed a level of polyphenol content and reducing power activity. The five-week-old BALB/c mice were used as an AD-like mouse model by treating them with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). Topical administration of AVE for 3 weeks to DNCB-treated mice significantly alleviated clinical skin lesion dermatitis severity and epidermal thickness. Histopathological analysis also demonstrated that AVE decreased eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into skin and ear tissue. These results suggest that topical application of AVE inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesion in mice by their antioxidant activity. Thus, AVE may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

본 연구에서는 세굴된 해저 파이프 주위 중력류의 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 결과 비교를 위해 세굴이 아닌 평평한 해저면 위에 틈새 거리를 두고 설치된 해저 파이프 문제를 함께 고려하였다. 여기서 세굴의 깊이와 틈새 거리는 동일하며, 평평한 해저면 위에 설치된 파이프 문제는 일반적으로 실제 세굴효과를 이상적으로 구현하기 위해 주로 고려된다. 중력류와 해저 파이프 상호작용에 대한 유동특성의 이해를 위해 농도 및 와도장, 압력장 그리고 양항력 계수 등, 다양한 물리량들을 비교 및 분석 하였다. 결과적으로 세굴과 평평한 해저면 위에 설치된 해저 파이프 주위 유동특성이 달라짐을 관찰하였다, 특히 세굴의 위 파이프의 경우 구조물 상부에서 발달된 음의 와만 하류로 나아가게 되지만 평탄면 위 파이프는 이열 와구조 형태를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 중력류에 놓인 해저 파이프의 안전 설계를 위해서는 무엇보다 실제 세굴조건을 고려하는 것이 중요 할 것으로 판단된다.

Toxicities of 10 insecticides were examined against late third instars of Culex tritaeniorhynchus using the direct-contact mortality bioassay. Six geospatially distant field mosquitoes were collected from Chuncheon-si (designated CC-CT), Hwaseong (HS-CT), Seosan (SS-CT) Jeonju (JJ-CT), Daegu (DG-CT), and Busan (BS-CT) in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Marked regional variations of insecticide susceptibility were observed. Field populations of SS-CT, JJ-CT and DG-CT from agricultural areas showed higher to extremely higher insecticide susceptibility to pyrethroids than those of CC-CT, HS-CT and BS-CT strains from none agricultural areas. Extremely high to low levels of susceptibility were measured: bifenthrin, susceptible ratio (SR) = 2.7–896.3; β-cyfluthrin, SR = 1.8–633.3; α-cypermethrin, SR = 1.2–1,051.9; deltamethrin, SR = 1.3–711.1; permethrin, SR = 1.5–1,053.4 etofenprox, SR = 2.2–29.3; chlorfenapyr, SR = 5.1–103.6; chlorpyrifos, SR = 2.3–337.0; fenitrothion, SR = 2.0–142.3 and fenthion, SR = 1.4–186.2. Culex tritaeniorhynchus populations from rice paddies had been under heavy selection pressure due to the agricultural insecticides and that’s why the mosquito species demonstrated high resistance to pyrethroids which were used for a long time to control agricultural pests in the localities. These results indicate that careful selection and rotational use of these insecticides mayresult in continued satisfactory control against field populations of Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes.