Both juvenile and adult nutritional environment (e.g. macronutrient composition) can alter developmental trajectories, independently or interactively, to shape behaviour in later life. Moreover, variation in macronutrient composition across life stages can lead to among-individual covariation between behaviours (‘behavioural syndromes’) as well as among-individual variation in single behaviours (‘personality’). In this study, we used field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus and a split-brood experimental design to compare the expression of behaviours, their among- and within-individual variances across nutritional conditions. We showed that effect of macronutrient compositions on the mean level of behaviour was generally associated with the change in variance components in the behaviour. However, sometimes variance components in behaviours changed independently from the diet effect on mean level. Interestingly, we also found that diet effect on behavioural syndromes could be independent from diet effect on the mean level of behaviour and its variance components. As a consequence, we suggest that nutritional condition can assert a direct influence on the covariation between behaviours. This implies that expressions of genes with pleiotropic effects differ in their directions between nutritional environments.

We present preliminary results of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) seen by AKARI as well as Spitzer. By examining the AKARI LMC survey and the Spitzer data, we have searched for IR counterparts to 45 known SNRs in the LMC and could identify 28 SNRs with associated IR emission. 13 SNRs among them are newly detected in IR bands. For the entire IR SNRs, we make a catalog containing general information and the AKARI and/or Spitzer fluxes. Using the catalog, their IR colors and the possible correlation of the IR fluxes with the X-ray fluxes are examined. For some interesting SNRs, we have performed NIR spectroscopy with AKARI. An aromatic feature at 3.3 μm can be identified in LMC SNR N49. We investigate the characteristics of the IR features and discuss the PAH mission mechanism in SNRs.