For safe management of spent nuclear fuels, they should be delivered to repository or waste disposal site. As the amount of spent nuclear fuel transportation is expected to increase in the future due to the provision of an intermediate storage facility, the necessity to secure transportation cask is emerging. In order to secure the spent nuclear fuel transportation cask, it is necessary to analyze the regulatory processes for domestic and foreign spent nuclear fuel transportation cask. In this study, the regulatory processes for domestic and foreign spent nuclear fuel transportation cask was analyzed. In this study, the IAEA, US, and Korea spent nuclear fuel transportation cask regulatory processes were analyzed. The domestic and foreign spent nuclear fuel transportation cask regulatory processes consist of design phase, manufacturing phase, and operation phase. In the design stage, the transport requirements are designed in accordance with the safety requirements of international organizations and countries. The application to be submitted when applying for approval should include a safety analysis report, evidence proving compliance with safety requirements et al. In the manufacturing stage, it is a stage to check whether the safety requirements are satisfied before the first use after manufacturing the transportation cask. Inspections include welding inspection, leakage inspection, shielding inspection, and thermal inspection. In the operation stage, it is a stage of periodically performing inspections for continuous maintenance of the package when the transportation cask is used. The inspection items to be performed are similar to the manufacturing stage and typically include performance inspection of components and leakage inspection. In this study, domestic and foreign spent nuclear fuel transportation cask regulatory processes were analyzed. It was found that the domestic and foreign spent nuclear fuel transportation cask regulatory processes consist of the design phase, the manufacturing phase, and the operation phase. The results of this study can be used as basic data for policy decision-making for the spent nuclear fuel cask.

본 연구는 서부 민간인통제선 일대 둠벙에 서식하는 저서 성대형무척추동물 종 다양성 및 군집 구조를 규명하여 향후 보전방향을 제안하고자 하였다. 조사 결과 3문 5강 17목 59 과 192종의 저서성대형무척추동물이 출현하였다. 다른 지역의 둠벙 (61~131종), 다른 유형의 정수성 습지 (47~92종), 그리고 우포늪 등의 보호습지 (48~135종)와 비교할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙에서 더 다양한 분류군이 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 환경부 지정 멸종위기야생생물 물방개, 물장군, 대모잠자리를 포함 28종의 특이종이 확인되었으며, 98곳의 조사지에 특이종이 하나 이상 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 한편 섭식기능군 및 서식기능군 분석에서 이동성이 높은 무리의 우점이 나타난 점, 개별 조사지의 다양도와 특이종의 출현 빈도가 반드시 비례하지는 않는 점을 함께 고려할 때, 서부 민간인출입통제구역 일대 둠벙의 높은 종 다양성은 둠벙과 인근 수생태계의 연결성을 통해 유지되는 것으로 보여진다. 그러므로 서부 민통선 일대 둠벙의 생물 다양성 보전계획을 수립할 때 특별히 종 다양성이 높은 몇 개 둠벙만을 점적으로 보전하는 접근은 부적절할 수 있으리라 판단 되며, 둠벙을 포함한 수서생물의 이동성 서식지 전반의 연결성을 고려한 접근이 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

목적: 이 연구는 안경과 선글라스에서 테와 렌즈의 형태와 색상에 대한 한국인과 중국인 소비자 집단의 선호도 차이를 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 방법: 한국에 유학 중인 중국인 학생 150명과 한국인 대학생 150명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 안경광학 관련 전공자는 설문 대상에서 배제되었다. 중국인 학생들에게는 중국어 간체자로 번역된 설문지를 제공하였으며, 제공된 설문지는 한국 대학 석사과정에 유학 중인 중국인 원어민 학생이 한국어 설문지를 바탕으로 번역한 것이다. 결과: 중국인 소비자 집단은 안경보다 선글라스에서 글로벌 유명 브랜드를 더 선호하였으며, 한국산 안경 제품을 상대적으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 무테 또는 반무테, 금색테, 투톤컬러 렌즈 항목에서 한국인 소비자 집단보다 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 결론: 이 연구의 결과는 한국 안경 제조․유통 업체의 중국 시장 진출이나 중국인 고객 비율이 높은 안경원 의 판매 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The legume family (Fabaceae) is the third largest family of flowering plants worldwide and often damaged by stink bugs, particularly Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera: Alydidae). This insect selectively feeds and oviposits on these plants, resulting in >50% of damage to soybeans harvested in autumn. The most common control methods for this insect are periodic application of chemical pesticides, pheromone traps, and bait crops, but still they encounters residual problem, insect resistance or low control efficacy. The current management system needs alternative control methods, which possibly combined with the present methods. Some entomopathogenic fungi have high virulence against the nymphs and adults of R. clavatus in a favorable conditions, reaching ∼80% mortality with mycosis in 3∼5 days. The genera of Beauveria and Metarhizium are possible control agents for effective and safe management of the serious pest. Fungal infection in R. clavatus was observed using an egfp-expressing fungal transformant. Thermotolerant entomopathogenic fungal conidia can be produced in cereal substrates, which enables conidia to be stable for long times. Our considerations need to be given to the combinations with other control methods, such as chemical pesticides or pheromone trap.

로다민 화합물은 형광 이 강하고 광학적 특성이 광범위해서 금속이온 분석에 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근 들어 여러 가지 여러 종류의 다양한 금속 이온을 감지하는 메카니즘은 spirocycle과 open-cycle형 구조변화를 통해 생긴다. 이 논문에서는 새로운 fluorene이 함유된 rhodamin 6G 유도체를 합성하였다. 합성한 화합물이 금속 이온 Fe2+와 Al3+ 에 선택성이 좋은 것을 확인하였다.

We have determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow-spotted long horned beetle, Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an endangered insect species in Korea. The 15,856-bp long P. hilaris mitogenome harbors gene content typical of the animal mitogenome and a gene arrangement identical to the most common type found in insect mitogenomes. As with all other sequenced coleopteran species, the 5-bp long TAGTA motif was also detected in the intergenic space sequence located between tRNASer (UCN) and ND1 of P. hilaris. The 1,190-bp long non-coding A+T-rich region harbors an unusual series of seven identical repeat sequences of 57-bp in length and several stretches of sequences with the potential to form stem-and-loop structures. Furthermore, it contains one tRNAArg-like sequence and one tRNALys-likes equence. Phylogenetic analysis among available coleopteran mitogenomes using the concatenated amino acid sequences of PCGs appear to support the sister group relationship of the suborder Polyphaga to all remaining suborders, including Adephaga, Myxophaga, and Archostemata. Among the two available infraorders in Polyphaga, a monophyletic Cucujiformia was confirmed, with the placement of Cleroidea as the basal lineage for Cucujiformia. On the other hand, the infraorder Elateriformia was not identified as monophyletic, thereby indicating that Scirtoidea and Buprestoidea are the basal lineages for Cucujiformia and the remaining Elateriformia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a predominantly pediatric disease involving uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells within the bone marrow, is strongly associated with chromosomal translocations. The human chromosomal translocation t(12;21)(p12;q22) is the most frequently encountered chromosomal rearrangement in pediatric B-lineage ALL, and results in fusion of the TEL and RUNX1 genes. The resulting TEL/RUNX1 fusion protein is generally thought to be a transcriptional repressor that interferes with RUNX1-mediated transactivation. We used a luciferase assay system to investigate the effects of TEL/RUNX1 and PEBP2β on RUNX1-mediated transactivation. TEL/RUNX1 blocked the synergistic transactivation achieved by PEBP2β and RUNX1, and coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses showed that PEBP2β interacted with TEL/RUNX1 and was sequestered in the cytoplasm. Theses results suggest that TEL/RUNX1 inhibits RUNX1-mediated transactivtion via cytoplasmic sequestration of coactivator(s) such as PEBP2β.

Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Human ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into various types of cells in the body. Human ES cells are indefinite source of cells for cell therapy in various degenerative disorders including neuronal disorders. Directed differentiation of human ES cells is a prerequisite for their clinical application. The objective of this study is to develop the culture condition for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells. Neural precursor cells were derived from human ES cells in a stepwise culture condition. Neural precursor cells in the form of neural rosette structures developed into neurospheres when cultured in suspension. Suspension culture of neurospheres has been maintained over 4 months. Expressions of nestin, soxl, sox2, pax3 and pax6 transcripts were upregulated during differentiation into neural precursor cells by RT-PCR analysis. In contrast, expression of oct4 was dramatically downregulated in neural precursor cells. Immunocytochemical analyses of neural precursor cells demonstrated expression of nestin and SOX1. When induced to differentiate on an adhesive substrate, neuro-spheres were able to differentiate into three lineages of neural systems, including neurons, astrocytes and oligo-dendrocytes. Transcripts of sox1 and pax6 were downregulated during differentiation of neural precursor cells into neurons. In contrast, expression of map2ab was elevated in the differentiated cells, relative to those in neural precursor cells. Neurons derived from neural precursor cells expressed NCAM, Tuj1, MAP2ab, NeuN and NF200 in immunocytochemical analyses. Presence of astrocytes was confirmed by expression of GFAP immuno-cytochemically. Oligodendrocytes were also observed by positive immuno-reactivities against oligodendrocyte marker O1. Results of this study demonstrate that a stepwise culture condition is developed for the derivation of neural precursor cells from human ES cells.

포항지역 주민 500명을 대상으로 꽁치과메기의 기호도 조사를 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 과메기 용어 인지 여부에 대해서는 대부분 응답자가 알고 있었으며, 과메기 시식 여부는 92.5%가 먹어 보았으며. 먹어 보지 못한 7.5%에 대해 그 이유를 알아본 결과 먹고 싶지 않았다가 61.3%를 차지하였다. 연령별 시식 여부 차이 분석에서 나이가 많을수록 대부분 과메기를 먹어 본 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 과메기를 먹는 때는 술안주로가 80.9%로 가장 많았다. 남(86.5%). 여(56.8%) 모두 술안주로 먹는 경우가 가장 많았다. 간식으로 먹는 경우도 남자(6.6%)보다 여자(16.3%)가 많게 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 연령이 많을수록 간식으로 먹는 경우가 많았다. 이러한 결과를 놓고 볼 때 사철과메기띄 개발 또는 포항 꽁치과메기가 향토식품으로 자리잡기 위해서는 술안주로서의 과메기가 아니라 조리방법이나 스낵 등의 가공방법 개발 등을 통하여 반찬이나 간식으로 먹을 수 있어야 진정한 먹거리로서 자리잡을 수 있을 것이다. 과메기를 처음 먹은 계기는 주위의 권유로 먹은 경우가 57.9%로 가장 많았다. 연령별로 살펴보면 젊을수록 과메기를 주위의 권유로 먹은 경우가 많으며, 나이가 많을수록 먹음직스러워서 과메기를 처음 먹은 계기가 된 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 과메기 선호도는 92.5%가 과메기에 대해 호의적인 응답을 하였다. 남자가 여자보다 과메기를 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 연령별로는 31∼40세 연령층이 과메기를 가장 선호하는 계층으로 나타났다. 과메기를 먹을 때 곁들여 먹는 것으로 과메기, 생미역, 초고추장으로 먹는 경우가 가장 많았다. 포항 지역 주민들은 과메기를 먹을 때 대부분 생미떡과 곁들떠 먹지만 초고추장 없이 먹는 경우도 적지 않았다. 대부분3∼10마리 정도 1회 먹는 것으로 나타났으며, 20마리 이상 많이 먹는 주민도 남녀 거의 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 여성층의 과메기 애호가도 많다는 것(5.6%)을 알 수 있다(p<0.05).

Korea is located in either low of moderate seismicity continental region. It is realized that the design codes and underlying design concept of high seismicity region may not be a, pp.opriate to low and moderate seismicity regions. The aim of this paper is to search seismic design concept that is deemed to be a, pp.opriate to low and moderate seismicity regions. To this end, the seismicity of Korea will be introduce first and important aspects of seismic design in moderate seismicity region will be discussed. The two-level code system that is going to be adopted in the future seismic regulations of Korea will be introduced.

최근 기후변화와 도시화로 인한 수재해 문제가 증가하고 있으며, 이에 대응방안인 저영향개발(Low-Impact Development, LID) 기법에 관한 연구가 확대되고 있다. LID 기법은 도시 내의 우수유출수를 저감시켜 다양한 수재해 문제를 친환경적으로 제어하고, 도시 개발 이전의 물순환 체계로 회복시키는 기술이다. 하지만 LID 기법에 관한 정량적 데이터가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저류형 LID 기술인 식생화분(Planter Box)의 Curve Number (CN)값을 산정하여, 물순환(침투, 유출, 월류수) 분석을 실시하였다. Planter Box의 물순환 분석에 관한 강우강도 시나리오(60.4 mm/hr, 83.1 mm/hr, 97.4 mm/hr, 108.2 mm/hr)는 부산시 확률강우강도표(2010)를 이용하여 선정하였다. 실험 결과는 건물화분3 (BPB-3)과 거리화분3(SPB-3)에서 우수저류율이 각각 43.5%∼52.9%, 33.4%∼39.0%로 나타났다. 또한 BPB-3에서 CN값은 평균 83이 산출되었고, Horton 침투능 곡선식 적용에 따른 우수유출효과는 17%∼96%로 나타났다.

Background : Bioactive substances, viscumneoside III and homoflavoyadorinin B, were isolated from korean mistletoe. Before, the isolated compounds were performed to identify the effect on tyrosinase inhibition activity. It is generally known that the biological activity of aglycon is better than the glycone attached to sugars in natural products. Methods and Results : In this study, the glycone of mistletoe were converted into homoeriodictyol and velutin, which are aglycon, respectively, by microwave irradiation, and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity was investigated. Experimental results showed that microwave irradiation mistletoe extracts showed superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity than untreated extracts. Conclusion : These results revealed that the whitening acivity of microwave irradiation Korean mistletoe can be utilized for the skin cosmetics.

Background : This study was investigated the effect of organic fertilizer application and stem training methods on the growth and yield of Cynanchum willfordii. Methods and Results : Traditional species, C. willfordii conducted the test to the field in Chungbuk ARES, Korea. Two methods, non-supporting (custom) and I-shape supporting was used for stem training method. Planting spacing was adjusted to 30 (interrow spacing) x 20 cm (intrarow spacing) and other key management is the followed the cultivation manual for standard medicinal crops. Organic fertilizer application is conducted in mid-March before planting of C. willfordii. Registered organic agricultural materials such as fungal cultures (CC), mixed organic materials (MO), fermented and mixed expeller cake (EC), and fermented fowl dropping (FD) was used. Application rate is based on the nitrogen application rate after soil testing. Plant height was both good in all at I-shape supporting (266.7 ㎝) and all in non-supporting (160.8 ㎝); however, stem diameter was more thicker in custom (4.6 ㎜) of I-shape supporting and EC (4.8 mm) of non-supporting. Number of branched stem were good at EC from I-shape supporting and non-supporting, as well as leaf growth. SPAD value was evaluated in MO (52.7) of I-shape supporting and EC (52.3) of non-supporting. Number of branched root per organic fertilizer were showed 7.0 at MO from I-shape supporting, but 7.3 at FD from non-supporting. While length of main root were 27.0 cm in MO of I-shape supporting and 31.3 ㎝ in FD of non-supporting. Root weight also more heavier in EC (66.3 g) of I-shape supporting and FD (53.0 g) of non-supporting. When applied organic fertilizer, total density of soil microorganisms were changed into 38.4 ppm in custom; however, it more plentiful of 90.7 ppm in MO, it showed good effect on the replication of soil microbiota. Conclusion : From the investigated results, MO of I-shape supporting was good at overall growth, including good tendency of roots growth.

Background : The effect of ridge-up bed cultivation and stem training method on the plant growth and yield of Cynanachum willfordii was investigated. Methods and Results : Domestic variety of Cynanachum willfordii was tested at Chungbuk ARES under the following conditions. Nonsupporting (custom) and I-form supporting was used for stem training method, and ridge height was set as 30 (custom) and 60 cm (high ridge). Planting spacing was adjusted to 30 (interrow spacing) × 20 cm (intrarow spacing), and other major management was followed the method of standard cultivation for medicinal crop. Investigated result from leaf characteristics, leaf length was longer in high ridge cultivation (HRC) as 11.1 cm than custom cultivation (CC) as 10.6 cm. Leaf width is proved to be 12.8 (HRC) > 11.2 cm (CC). Leaf number is proved to be 294 (HRC) > 254/plant (CC), with higher number of 44/plant at HRC and weight/10 leaves were more heavy at HRC (4.9 g) than that of CC (2.6 g). It was more fruit setting at HRC over 15/plant. According to the stem training method and ridge height from nonsupporting cultivation, main root was 4.0 (CC), higher than that of HRC over 0.5/plant. However, root length was more longer in HRC (28.6) than that of CC (25.0 cm). Main root diameter was also showed more thicker pattern in HRC. From staking cultivation, root number of HRC was 7/plant, it was recorded more 3/plant than that of CC, and it was also same pattern in main root length and root diameter. By the standard of commercial root, yield of living roots in nonsupporting cultivation were 59.0g/plant (HRC), it was more heavy over 10.4g/plant than that of CC. In staking cultivation, HRC were recorded as 74.2g/plant, more heavy 6.9g/plant than that of CC. Yield from I-form support stem training and ridge-up bed cultivation of HRC was higher approxmiately 52.7% than that of CC. Conclusion : Overall growth by high ridge cultivation of I-form support was good and yield of HRC was also increased over 52.7% than that of CC.

본 연구는 된장 제조 시 자연발효 시킨 control과, B. subtilis KACC15935, B. subtilis HJ18-9균주를 starter로 접종하여 발효시킨 팽화미된장의 효소활성과 품질특성을 측정하였다. 환원당을 유리하는데 관여하는 α-amylase 효소활성의 경우 control과 HJ18-9를 접종한 시료에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 된장의 단백질을 분해하여 특유의 구수한 맛 성분을 유리하는 protease 활성의 경우도 control과 HJ18-9를 접종한 시료에서 높게 나타났으며, 이는 아미노태질소 함량에서도 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 cellulose를 분해할 수 있는 능력을 가지고 있어 유용성분의 장내 이용성 증진을 위해 널리 사용되는 효소인 cellulase활성이 있는 HJ18-9균주를 처리한 접종구에서 115.45±30.05 unit/g로 control과 B. subtilis KACC15935 처리구에서 53.75±15.91, 43.75±13.51 unit/g 인 것에 비해 높게 나왔다. 이러한 결과로 본 연구를 통해 선별한 균주를 스타터로 접종하여 된장 제조에 알맞은 균주를 개발, 평가하여 가공품으로 개발의 기초연구가 되고자 하였다.