PURPOSES:This study aimed to analyze the experimental and numerical behavior of warm mix asphalt pavement prepared using steel slag and RAP and to conduct economic analysis of pavement construction.METHODS :For developing high performance asphalt pavement, we performed three evaluations: fundamental analysis, experimental testing, and 3D finite element analysis. In particular, 3D finite element analysis was conducted on several pavement structures by adopting the results of experimental tests.RESULTS :Through the various evaluations, it was established that steel slag was effective for use as asphalt mixture aggregate. Moreover, asphalt mixture constituting steel slag and RAP demonstrated higher performance behavior compared with conventionally used asphalt mixture. Furthermore, based on the 3D FE modeling, we established that the developed asphalt pavement constituting steel slag and RAP can be utilized for thin layer pavement with comparable performance behavior.CONCLUSIONS:Warm mix asphalt pavement prepared using steel slag and RAP is more competitive and economic compared to hot-mix asphalt pavement. Moreover, it can be applied for preparing thin layer asphalt pavements with reasonable performance. The developed warm mix asphalt pavement prepared using steel slag and RAP can be an alternative pavement type with competitive performance based on the reasonable economic benefit it provides.

The present study investigated the effect of enzyme inclusion on silage quality using meta-analysis tool. A total of 16 research papers reporting the effect of enzyme application on silage quality were employed in the meta-analysis of this study. Mixed model for integrating quantitative results from multiple studies was used first to calculate the predicted error of each study. Individual error from the estimated model was the applied into standard deviation of each study to calculate the mean difference. Finally, summary effect was determined using standard mean difference (SMD) and inversed variance weighting. Mixed model analysis and SMD analysis showed the same effect patterns in all analysis items. Enzyme inclusion in silage significantly (p < 0.05) altered all silage quality characteristics investigated compared to control when enzyme was not included. Our results showed that enzyme treatment increased dry matter content, preserved crude protein effectively, and elevated water soluble carbohydrate content. However, the pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents in silage with enzyme inclusion were lower than those of the control.

A 4-month-old intact male, Siberian husky dog, weighing 14.6 kg, was initially presented to the Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center (GAMC) with a history of bilateral forelimb lameness and angular deformity. Physical examination revealed forelimb lameness and valgus deformities. Radiography showed a conical shaped, radiolucent, thickened and irregular marginated distal growth plate in both distal ulnar physis. Thickening of distal growth plate also was evident at both the distal radial physis, and the presence of osteophytes was observed. A diagnosis of angular deformity was made on the basis of a shortened ulna associated with osteochondrosis. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis was implemented by surgical insertion of tension band plate. The plates were implanted for 6 weeks. Pre- and post-operative radiographs of both forelimbs were evaluated to determine the angle of frontal plane alignment (FPA) and sagittal plane alignment (SPA) over a 8-week period. FPA was corrected into the normal range in the right forelimb, and SPA was close to the reference range in the both forelimbs. Furthemore, a reduction in osteochondrosis was revealed by radiography. This case report establishes that temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with a tension band plate should be option in dogs with angular deformities during a growing period and is minimally invasive with a lower morbidity than traditional osteotomy. Moreover, this treatment facilitates the resolution of osteochondrosis lesions.