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        검색결과 191

        61.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of cookies supplemented with 1-4% (w/w) persimmon leaf powder (PLP). pH and density of cookie dough increased significantly but moisture content decreased significantly with increasing levels of PLP (p<0.05). The spread ratio and loss rate of cookies decreased significantly with increasing levels of PLP (p<0.05). Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) decreased significantly with higher amount of PLP (p<0.05). The use of PLP significantly increased the hardness of cookies while 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were significantly elevated (p<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of PLP up to 2% had a favorable effect on the consumer preferences in most attributes. Based on the overall observations, cookies with 2% PLP can take advantage of the functional properties of PLP without sacrificing consumer acceptability.
        62.
        2016.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        The feasibility of incorporating licorice powder (LP) as a value-added food ingredient into convenient food products was investigated using yanggaeng as a model system. LP was incorporated into yanggaeng at amounts of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% (w/w) based on total weight of cooked white beans and LP. pH level decreased while moisture content and soluble solid content increased significantly with increasing levels of LP (P<0.05). In terms of color, lightness decreased while redness and yellowness increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of LP. Hardness also decreased significantly with higher amount of LP in the formulation (P<0.05). 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were significantly elevated by LP addition, and they increased significantly as LP concentration increased in the formulation (P<0.05). Finally, consumer acceptance test indicated that the highest levels of LP incorporation (8%) had an adverse effect on general consumer preferences. In contrast, yanggaeng with moderate levels of LP (2%) is recommended based on its overall scores to take advantage of the antioxidant properties of LP without sacrificing consumer acceptability.
        63.
        2016.03 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        White organic light-emitting diodes with a structure of indium-tin-oxide [ITO]/ N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis-[4-(phenylm- tolvlamino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4-diamine [DNTPD]/ [2,3-f:2, 2-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile [HATCN]/ 1,1- bis(di-4-poly-aminophenyl) cyclo -hexane [TAPC]/ emission layers doped with three color dopants/ 4,7-diphenyl-1,10- phenanthroline [Bphen]/ Cs2CO3/ Al were fabricated and evaluated. In the emission layer [EML], N,N-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene [mCP] was used as a single host and bis(2-phenyl quinolinato)-acetylacetonate iridium(III) [Ir(pq)2acac]/ fac-tris(2- phenylpyridinato) iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3]/ iridium(III) bis[(4,6-di-fluoropheny)-pyridinato-N,C2] picolinate [FIrpic] were used as red/green/blue dopants, respectively. The fabricated devices were divided into five types (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) according to the structure of the emission layer. The electroluminescence spectra showed three peak emissions at the wavelengths of blue (472~473 nm), green (495~500 nm), and red (589~595 nm). Among the fabricated devices, the device of D1 doped in a mixed fashion with a single emission layer showed the highest values of luminance and quantum efficiency at the given voltage. However, the emission color of D1 was not pure white but orange, with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage [CIE] coordinates of (x = 0.41~0.45, y = 0.41) depending on the applied voltages. On the other hand, device D5, with a double emission layer of mCP:[Ir(pq)2acac(3%) +Ir(ppy)3(0.5%)]/ mCP:[FIrpic(10%)], showed a nearly pure white color with CIE coordinates of (x = 0.34~0.35, y = 0.35~0.37) under applied voltage in the range of 6~10 V. The luminance and quantum efficiency of D5 were 17,160 cd/m2 and 3.8% at 10 V, respectively.
        4,000원
        64.
        2015.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        경기도 8개 지역에서 2010년부터 2012년 동안 식균성인 노랑무당벌레의 발생기주를 조사한 결과, 흰가루병에 감염된 12종의 식물에서 관찰 이 되었다. 특히 가장 밀도가 높았던 배과원에서 노랑무당벌레는 7월 상순부터 11월 상순까지 발견되었다. 식균성인 노랑무당벌레의 장내에서는 흰가루병 균사나 포자 외에 다른 먹이의 흔적이 발견되지 않았고, 알과 번데기를 제외한 전 발육단계에서 균을 섭식하는 특성을 볼 때 절대적 식균성 곤충으로 생각된다. 25℃에서 오이 흰가루병균을 섭식한 노랑무당벌레의 발육기간은 알, 유충, 번데기, 성충이 각각 3.9, 10.4, 4.1, 37.7일 이었고, 발육단계별 오이 흰가루병 섭식량은 45.6, 144.4, 372.2, 628.1, 473.7 mm 2로 4령, 성충, 3령, 2령, 1령 순으로 많았다. 본 연구를 통해 노랑무당벌 레의 오이 흰가루병에 대한 섭식능력을 바탕으로 향후 유용 토착천적으로써 대량사육기술, 저독성 약제 선발 등 작물 흰가루병 종합방제기술(IPM) 에 대한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.
        4,000원
        65.
        2014.12 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Skin is the outermost organ and acts as a barrier between the organism and environment. Skin protects the organism from environmental insults, such as chemicals, pathogens, and UV light. Much of the protective function of skin is dependent on the epidermis, a multi-layered epithelium that is composed of various cell types such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. Keratinocytes produce protective components through a sophisticated differentiation process. Disturbance of keratinocyte differentiation is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we prepared extract of combined medicinal plants (ECMP) consisting of Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt, Heartleaf Houttuynia, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, and root bark of Ulmus davidiana. We demonstrated that ECMP enhanced keratinocyte differentiation and barrier functionality using an in vitro cell culture system and in vivo animal test. Treatment of cultured keratinocytes with ECMP resulted in induction of keratinocyte differentiation, as evidenced by increased differentiation markers such as involucrin, loricrin, and filaggrin. In line with these results, ECMP decreased proliferation of keratinocytes cultured in vitro. ECMP applied topically to tape-stripped mouse skins accelerated reduction of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating fast recovery of barrier function. Immunohistochemistry showed that ECMP increased the filaggrin level in tape-stripped mouse skins. These results suggest that ECMP may be applicable for keratinocyte differentiation-related skin diseases.
        4,000원
        66.
        2014.10 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Biological properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of hemimetabolous insect are poorly characterized in innate immunity field. To investigate the biochemical properties of hemimetabolous insect’s AMPs, we purified the pyrrhocoricin-like AMP from the hemolymph of Riptortus pedestris and then named as riptocin. We successfully determined the primary protein structure and its cDNA sequence. Interestingly, the determined cDNA revealed that riptocin precursor is composed of 12 repeating units of active riptocins, which implied that riptocin precursor might require to be processed to generate active riptocins by several unidentified processing enzymes. In order to characterize the bio-processing mechanisms of riptocin precursor, we generated the antibody against active riptocin. Using quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses, we showed that gene of riptocin was started to express from the fatbody after three hours post bacterial infection. To address our hypothesis that active riptocin is generated from riptocin precursor by several processing enzymes, we need to obtain the riptocin precursor. Currently, we are expressing the recombinant riptocin precursor using in vitro translation system. Meanwhile, we investigated whether naive hemolymph (naive HL), which may contain precursor riptocin, can generate active riptocin when riptocin precursor was co-incubation with bacteria-challenged hemolymph (active HL), which may contain all processing enzymes. Actually, when naive HL was incubated with active HL, antimicrobial activity was dramatically increased, suggesting that processing enzymes in active HL may induce processing of riptocin precursor to generate active riptocins.
        67.
        2014.07 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        A choice in temporal discounting is often made on one preferred option between a sooner but smaller reward and a later but larger reward. In temporal discounting, a consumer undergoes an evaluation process concerning the trade-offs between time delay (i.e., a choice between sooner and later receipts) and the amount of reward (i.e., a choice between smaller and larger rewards). It has been evidenced that a surprisingly large number of consumers is inclined to choose a sooner option with a lower economic value. Those consumers tend to apply an excessive temporal discounting rate to the time delay and as a result, the sooner option with lower economic value stands out to be more attractive. However, there is another group of consumers who deliberately promote the long-term perspective in the evaluation process. Those consumers show a high tendency of choosing a later option with greater economic value. A key factor affecting the evaluation process is the sensitivity to time delay a consumer entails. The sensitivity to time delay could systematically affect the representations of hedonic pleasure being projected at different time delays and is the basis of individual differences in hedonic orientation. An anhedonia, a person with the ability to control physical pleasure, is likely to be less sensitive to time delay and apply a lower discounting rate for delayed rewards because he processes the presently available pleasure less intensively than do ordinary consumers. Thus, anhedonic consumers are more likely to choose a delay reward in temporal discounting choices. In a famous fable by Aesop, “The Ant and the Grasshopper” suggest a possible linkage between hedonic orientation and temporal discounting tendency. The story goes that the Grasshopper enjoys whatever is on its hands and does not give much thought to what is going to happen in the future, while the Ant takes on the hardship denying the current pleasure as he plans for the difficult winter time. We conducted an experiment to investigate the relationships among individual differences in hedonic orientation, and the behavioral choices in temporal discounting trials by examining the EEG theta (4-8 Hz) correlates. A hedonic orientation questionnaire was developed using twenty selected items from Physical Anhedonia Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Impulsive Buying Scale. Using the questionnaire, the hedonic orientation of fifteen participants was analyzed. Among them, five participants were classified into anhedonia (Ant-like, AN) group and ten participants were into hedonic pleasure dependent (Grasshopper-like, GH) group. Participants conducted ten temporal discounting trials and, in each trial, a choice was made between two options, either a smaller reward today (the “now” option) or a greater reward to be received after a specified time delay (the “future-oriented” option). The absolute theta activations while viewing a future-oriented option in each trial were analyzed as the neural correlates of temporal discounting. The results indicated that the hedonic orientation of participants had a high prediction power of not only behavioral choices in temporal discounting but also EEG theta activations in the frontal brain region. In analyzing temporal discounting tendencies, the discounting rate of AN group was found to be lower than that of GH group. In addition, EEG theta analysis shows two interesting activation patterns in the frontal region. First, AN group showed higher frontal theta activations than GH group indicating its deliberate engagement to future-oriented options. Second, theta activations in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC), more specifically AF3 and AFz, were negatively correlated with the discounting rate of participants. Neuroscience researches often refer that DLPFC is associated with deliberate and analytic information processing. Therefore, the high theta activations in DLPFC could be considered as a distinctive neural indicator of high anhedonia traits and low temporal impulsivity.
        68.
        2014.02 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The effects of incorporating yacon powder on the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance of cookieswere investigated. With increased yacon powder content, the pH and density of cookies decreased significantly(p<0.05) while moisture content increased (p<0.05). Also the spread factor decreased with the addition of yaconpowder (p<0.05). Control showed the maximum value of hardness, but no significant differences were foundamong the 10-40% samples (p>0.05). Lightness and yellowness decreased significantly while redness increased sig-nificantly with a high content of yacon powder in the formulation (p<0.05). A consumer acceptance test indicatedthat the 10% sample received significantly higher scores in all attributes including overall acceptance (p<0.05).Cookies with 10% yacon powder are recommended to take advantage of the functional properties of yacon powderwithout sacrificing consumer acceptability.
        4,000원
        69.
        2014.02 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The feasibility of incorporating jujube concentrate (JC) as a value-added food ingredient in convenience food prod-ucts was investigated using a model system of gelatin jelly. With an increasing level of JC added, the pH, moisturecontent, and lightness gradually decreased while the soluble solids content increased (p<0.05). Hardness and totalpolyphenol content also increased significantly with a higher amount of JC in the formulation (p<0.05). A con-sumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of JC had a favorable effect on consumer preferences in allattributes. Jelly with 20% JC is recommended (with respect to the overall preference score) for taking advantage ofthe functional properties of JC without sacrificing consumer acceptability.
        4,000원
        70.
        2014.02 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Cookie samples were prepared with pomegranate powder (PP) substituted for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of thewheat flour. The effect of increased levels of PP on the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance ofcookies was investigated. With the addition of PP, the pH and moisture content of both cookie dough and cookiesdecreased while the soluble solids content increased significantly (p<0.05). Also lightness (L*) decreased and red-ness (a*) increased significantly with increasing amounts of PP in the cookies (p<0.05). Hardness increased from14.05N for the control to 22.44N for 20% PP (p<0.05). In general, the total polyphenol content (TPC) of thecookies increased significantly with the addition of PP (p<0.05). Acceptability ratings indicated that 10% PP con-tent provided the optimum supplementation level for the highest consumer acceptability of the fortified cookies.
        4,000원
        71.
        2013.11 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        본 연구에서는 건조방법에 따른 잣솔잎 추출액 분말의 항산화적 특성과 성분변화를 조사하고자 생 잣솔잎을 진공건조, 열풍건조, 동결건조한 후 50% 에탄올로 추출하여 항산화적 활성 및 페놀산 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 각건조방법으로 건조시킨 잣솔잎 추출액 분말의 수율은 진공건조 시료가 31.06%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 열풍건조시료 및 동결건조 시료의 순으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열풍건조 시료가 유의적으로 적었으며(p<0.05), 반면플라보노이드의 함량은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 반대의 경향으로 열풍건조 시료에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전자공여능 및 ABTS radical 소거능은 1.0mg/mL 농도에서동결건조>진공건조>열풍건조 시료의 순으로 높은 활성을나타내었다. 건조방법별 아질산염 소거능은 반응조건의 pH를 1.2와 3.0으로 달리하여 각각 측정한 결과 pH 1.2의 강산성 조건에서 잣솔잎의 아질산염 소거능이 80% 이상으로높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 진공건조 시료가 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 잣솔잎 추출물의 페놀산 조성과 함량은 t-cinnamic acid가 잣솔잎 중에 가장 많은 함량을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 chlorogenic acid의 함량이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건조방법에 따른 추출물의 페놀산 함량은 페놀산의 종류에 따라 건조방법 별 함량의 차이를 보였으나, 모든 페놀산을 합한 총 페놀산 함량은열풍건조, 진공건조 및 동결건조 순으로 나타났다.
        4,000원
        72.
        2013.10 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Emergence of resistant two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) can induce the over usage of standard amount of acaricides and result in various side effects. Rapid resistance monitoring is essential step for the efficient management of resistant populations by enabling the selection of appropriate acaricides. Here, we evaluated the 19 acaricides to determine its suitability for residual contact vial bioassay (RCV) by using PyriF strain as a reference. Twelve acaricides (Amitraz Abamectin, Bifenthrin, Bifenazate, Chlorfenapyr, Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen, Endosulfan, Fenothiocarb, Monocrotophos, Omethoate and Tebufenpyrad) revealed the dose-dependent mortality within 8 h, whereas other remaining acaricides (Dicofol, Etoxazole, Fenbutatin oxide, Fenpyroxymate, Flufenoxuron, Spiromesifen and Pyridaben) did not. This finding suggests that the application of RCV method is limited depending on the mode of action and physicochemical properties of each acaricide. Resistance levels to 12 acaricides were determined for four field populations of TSSM by using RCV diagnostic kit. All TSSM populations showed the highest sensitivity to cyflumetofen, indicating that it would be most effective in controling field populations. RCV diagnostic kit would enable to provide crucial information for choosing the most appropriate acaricides in the field.
        74.
        2013.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Bemisia tabaci, sweetpotato whitefly, has been recognized one of the most destructive insect pests worldwide because of increased resistance to some insecticide groups requiring alternative strategies for its control. We conducted a study of the influence of relative humidity, temperature and different developmental stages on the susceptibility of sweetpotato whitefly to conidia of Isaria javanica isolate, which had been reported high virulence against Q biotype of B. tabaci. The mortality of tobacco whitefly was low at low constant relative humidities, but was high when kept high humidity for first 24 hours and transferred to low humidity. The Isaria isolate had wide range of temperature (15℃ to 35℃) to control sweetpotato whitefly. The isolate has virulence to the egg and all developmental stages of nymph of B. tabaci. These results indicated that the isolate had good control effects at various environmental conditions and is an excellent candidate to develop a microbial pesticide to control sweetpotato whitefly.
        75.
        2013.04 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        Emergence of resistant two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) can induce the over usage of standard amount of acaricides and result in various side effects. Rapid resistance monitoring is essential step for the efficient management of resistant populations by enabling the selection of appropriate acaricides. Here, we evaluated the 10 acaricides to determine its suitability on residual contact vial bioassay (RCV) by using PyriF strain as standard. Five acaricides (Abamectin, monocrotophos, tebufenpyrad, bifenazate and cyflumetofen) revealed the dose-dependent mortality within 8 h, whereas other remaining acaricides (Fenbutatin oxide, fenpyroxymate, flufenoxuron, spiromesifen and etoxazole) did not. This finding suggests that the application of RCV method is limited depending on the mode of action and physicochemical properties of each acaricide. Resistance levels to five acaricides (Abamectin, monocrotophos, tebufenpyrad, bifenazate and cyflumetofen) were determined for four field populations of TSSM by using RCV diagnostic kit. All TSSM populations showed the highest sensitivity to cyflumetofen, indicating that it would be most effective in controling field populations. RCV diagnostic kit would enable to provide crucial information for choosing the most appropriate acaricides in the field.
        77.
        2012.06 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Iron is an essential trace element for normal functions of the body. Restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups, including the normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in the normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for seven weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for three weeks with the low Fe diet, animals in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups received oral administration of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg for four weeks. The IDA group showed markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with the normal group throughout the experimental periods. Treatments with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for four weeks resulted in restoration of the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. The Fe-NPs group showed faster restoration in values than Fe-MPs with passage of time. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than in the normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Treatment with Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs resulted in a significant increase in hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation, compared with the IDA group with passage of time. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups, similar to the normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can result in recovery from anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.
        4,600원
        78.
        2012.02 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The effects of different ingredient formulations on physicochemical qualities and consumer preferences were investigated using Baikseolgi incorporated with perilla powder, a healthy food ingredient, as a model system. Perilla powder was incorporated into the formulation at five different amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/w)) by replacing equivalent amount of non-glutinous rice flour. After appropriate mixing, rice cakes were steamed and quality attributes were evaluated after cooling. The pH increased but moisture content decreased significantly with an increase in the perilla powder substitution (p < 0.05). Lightness (L*) decreased significantly from 80.32 to 70.73 with the higher incorporation of perilla powder (p < 0.05), indicating that the color of Baikseolgi became dark. Redness (a*) and yellowness (b*); on the other hand, increased significantly (p < 0.05). Hardness decreased significantly as the perilla powder content increased in the formulation (p < 0.05). With respect to overall acceptability, the control received the highest mean score of 5.90; however, this was not significantly different from all samples tested except for 20% sample (p > 0.05). Five percent sample received the highest or competitively high preference scores in all attributes; thus, incorporation of 5% perilla powder in the formulation of Baikseolgi would be recommended while taking advantages of the health benefits of perilla without sacrificing the quality acceptance by the consumers.
        4,000원
        79.
        2011.11 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        꾸지뽕잎 분말의 첨가량을 0-20%로 달리하여 스펀지 케이크를 제조한 후 물리화학적 품질특성 및 소비자 기호도를 비교하였다. 꾸지뽕잎 분말의 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 케이크의 비체적, 높이 및 수분함량은 단계적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 케이크의 외관상 특성인 부피지수 및 대칭지수 또한 유의적으로 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 밝기를 나타내는 L*값과 황색도를 나타내는 b*값은 꾸지뽕잎 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 단계별로 유의적으로 감소하였으며(p < 0.05), 반면 적색도를 나타내는 a*값은 5% 대체군에서 최소값을 나타내고 이 후 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 케이크의 경도는 꾸지뽕잎 분말 첨가량에 따라 0.11-0.66 kgf로 단계별로 유의적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.05). 총 페놀화합물 함량은 0-15% 첨가군 사이에 단계별로 유의적인 차이없이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고(p > 0.05) 이후 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 소비자 기호도 검사 결과 대조군, 5% 및 10% 첨가군 간 맛과 향미의 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않았고(p > 0.05), 전체적인 기호도 또한 대조군과 5% 첨가군 사이에 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않아(p > 0.05), 관능품질을 저해하지 않고 꾸지뽕잎 분말의 건강 기능성 효과 등을 고려할 때 5% 첨가군이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.
        4,000원
        80.
        2011.09 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Historically the rise of contagious diseases and epidemics has been mainly caused by lack of food safety knowledge and negligence in personal hygiene. Food poisoning is an example that have been caused by lack of proper knowledge in food safety and personal hygiene. In order to prove this hypothesis, our team distributed a total of 225 survey sheets to middle school students. Survey questions mainly focused on the students' food safety knowledge, personal hygiene and regular dietary habits. We used 12 items to determine the stages of change in teenagers and divided into 3 stages of change: precontemplation stage (poor problem recognition), contemplation and preparation stage (some problem recognition), and action stage. Out of the 225 students surveyed, 105(47.1%) were male and 118 (52.9%) were female; 44.0% were in 7th grade, 33.0% in 8th grade, and 24.0% in 9th grade. In stages of change model, 3.8% were classified in pre-contemplation stage, 31.1% in preparation stage, and 65.1% in action stage. The awareness of the significance of food safety has a strong positive correlation with the stages of change food safety behavior (P<0.001), which suggesting our questionnaires regarding stages of change and food safety behavior were quite credential. Stages of change were also correlated with the consumption of unsanitary foods (P<0.01) and with the frequent hand washing (P<0.05). The stages of change showed a positive correlation with the food safety knowledge level (P<0.05). The four questions (out of 10) with the least percentage of correct answers were questions about the meaning of Norovirus (23.6%), the meaning of expiration date (43.6%), the meaning of food poisoning (36.4%), and proper food-handling (36.0%).
        4,600원
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