Earthworms, especially Eisenia andrei, are cultivated for a variety of purposes including waste disposal and compost production. In this study, bacteria from earthworm gut were cultured and the dominant species identified. Subsequently, we isolated bacteriophages able to lyse the isolated gut bacteria. Two dominant genera of gut bacteria, Aeromonas sp. and Citrobacter sp. were identified by using MALDI-TOF MS analysis and a library was constructed to find lytic phages. Phage EF1 showed lytic activity for C. freundii and two Citrobacter isolates, C. braakii and C. murliniae. These 3 species have similar sensitivities to EF1. Several aspects of the life cycle of EF1 were investigated by using C. freundii under optimal growth conditions. EF1 infects C. freundii with a moderate latent period, approximately 25 min, and a large burst size averaging 5 × 109 per infected cell. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of EF1 was well maintained under diverse conditions including a broad temperature range of 40°C to 50°C and a wide pH range of 4 to 11. In conclusion, the results indicate that earthworm casting contain a wide range of bacteria species, for which there are various corresponding bacteriophages.

A full genomic DNA microarray technique was employed to investigate the effects of Dongchunghacho on aortal and hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male 8- week - old ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups, control(high cholesterol group; HC) and supplementation of Dongchunghacho (SD). All of the mice were fed a high-fet/high cholesterol diet with or without Dongchunghacho supplemented by 1% for 6 weeks. At first, lipid profile of the Dongchunghacho was measured by biochemical analysis. No differences were observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between the two groups. Antigenotoxic effect of the Dongchunghacho was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) and quantified as % fluorescence in tail. Dongchunghacho supplementation decreased significantly leukocytic DNA damage and also there was a tendency of reduction in hepatic DNA damage in Dongchunghacho group compared with the control group. In up regulated genes in liver and aorta of the mice, genes with 0 to 2- fold difference in expression level between the two group (HD and SD) was very much more in liver than in aorta, on the contrary, those with 2-fold to 16-flod difference increased greatly rather in aorta than in liver. Also, almost the same results were observed in down regulated genes in liver and aorta between the two groups. These results suggested that supplementation of Dongchunghacho might be helpful in preventing leukocytic DNA damage induced by high fat diet, and has a more crucial roles in aortal gene expression.

개가시나무 가지의 에탄올 추출물에서 항산화활성을 관찰하였으며, 활성성분을 규명하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 4종류의 화합물을 분리하여 동정하였다. 분리 동정된 성분은 catechin(1), epi-catechin(2), tyrosol(3) 및 tiliroside(4)이다. 분리 성분의 항산화활성은 DPPH 라디칼 및 superoxide 음이온 라디칼 소거활성을 이용하여 측정하였다. 화합물 1, 2, 3, 4는 100 µL/mL 농도에서 각각 94.2 %, 93.4 %, 33.6 %, 11.2 %의 DPPH 라디칼 저해활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 화합물 1, 2, 3, 4는 200 µL/mL 농도에서 각각 60.2 %, 35.1 %, 20.6%, 4.5 %의 superoxide 음이온 라디칼 저해활성을 나타내었다. 화합물 1 ∼ 4는 개가시나무에서는 처음으로 분리된 물질이다.

‘Taegang’ is a new six-rowed covered barley cultivar developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), R.D.A. This cultivar is developed from a cross between ‘Suwon287’ and ‘Olbori’ in 1992. An F8 selection was made at NCES in 2000 and it was te

“Jaeanchal” is a new six-rowed, naked and waxy barley cultivar developed by National Crop Experiment Station (NCES), RDA in 2001. This cultivar was derived from a cross between “Suwon261” and “SB881115-6” in 1989. The final selection was made at NCES in 1

A new two-rowed naked waxy barley cultivar, 'Pungsanchal', was developed for split polished grains by the National Crop Experiment Station(NCES), RDA in 2001. This cultivar was derived f rom a cross between 'SB901258GG-B' and 'Suwon212' in 1991. The f ina