The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mangosteen extract complex (MEC; Garcinia mangostana L. and propolis extracts) on the inhibition of inflammation and prevention of alveolar bone loss using a ligature-induced periodontitis model. Rat molars were ligatured with silk, and 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis was injected into the buccal and palatal gingivae of the teeth with or without treatment with the MEC. Changes in the expression levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 in gingival tissues were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Alveolar bone loss around the ligated molars was examined using micro-computed tomography. The expression levels of PGE2, IL-8, iNOS, MMP-8, COX-1, and COX-2 in gingival tissues were significantly reduced in the group treated with a mixture of 16 μg of mangosteen extract powder and 544 μg of propolis extract powder (ligation [Lig] + lipopolysaccharide extracted from P. gingivalis KCOM 2804 [L] + MEC 1:34). Additionally, alveolar bone loss was significantly reduced in the Lig + L + MEC 1:34 group compared with that in other groups. These results indicate that the MEC could be useful in preventing and treating periodontitis.

A 26-month-old male mixed-breed dog of Korean origin was subjected to necropsy following death after a history of decreased appetite and weight loss. Necropsy revealed generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Histopathological examination of samples from the spleen, mandibular lymph nodes, liver, kidney, and large intestine showed granulomas with numerous macrophages containing intracytoplasmic Leishmania amastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed Leishmania amastigotes in the macrophage cytoplasm. All tissues with granulomas were positive for Leishmania spp, which was confirmed to be Leishmania infantum by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and in situ hybridization. To our knowledge, this is the second case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Korea.

A colonic enterolith was necropsied in an 11-year-old pony with a 2-week history of mild, intermittent colic. The enterolith was in the distal portion of the large intestine. A 2.1-kg, greenish-gray, rugby ball-sized (19 cm × 15 cm × 12 cm) stone was extracted from the intestine. Analysis of the component elements revealed 100% magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite). Enterolithiasis commonly affects Arabian horses, and most horses with enteroliths are ~10 years of age. Enterolithiasis is associated with recurrent colic. This is the first report of a colonic stone in a pony.

본 연구는 식품첨가물의 안전관리확보를 위해 국내 식품 중 사용빈도가 높은 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류를 대상으로 모니터링을 한 후 일일추정섭취량을 평가하였다. 일일추정섭취량은 식품 중 보존료의 농도와 국민건강·영양 조사 자료를 이용하여 국민평균, 성별·연령별 상위섭취자(95th) 그룹으로 분류하여 산출하였고, 이를 JECFA에서 제시한 ADI와 비교하여 국민의 섭취 수준을 확인하였다. 그 결과 분석된 보존료의 국민평균 일일추정섭취량은 소르빈산류 221.60 μg/kg·bw/day, 안식향산류 27.30 μg/kg· bw/day로 산출되었으며, ADI 대비 각각 0.89, 0.55%로 섭취수준은 안전한 것으로 확인되었다. 상위섭취자(95th)의 소르빈산류 일일추정섭취량은 1140.27 μg/kg·bw/day로 ADI 대비 4.56%, 안식향산류 일일추정섭취량은 194.95 μg/ kg·bw/day로 ADI 대비 3.90% 수준으로 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류의 상위섭취자 섭취수준도 안전한 것으로 평가 되었다. 성별에 따른 차이는 안식향산류의 경우 남자가 여자보다 조금 높았으나 소르빈산류는 성별에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 연령별 섭취수준은 소르빈산류 0.52~2.01%, 안식향산류 0.15~1.23% 로 평가되었다. 따라서 모든 그룹에서 소르빈산류 및 안식향산류의 섭취수준은 ADI를 초과하지 않아 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.

A tissue sample of a laryngopharyngeal mass from a 9-year-old male Dachshund dog was submitted to the Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency for histopathologic evaluation. The mass measured was 3.1×3.0× 5.0 ㎝ in diameter and was first detected by computed tomography. Histopathologically, the nodules consisted of large round and polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The mitotic index was 1～3 per view under a high power field (400×). Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin and desmin, but negative for cytokeratin, S-100, and α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA). Based on these findings, the tumor was confirmed as Laryngopharyngeal Rhabdomyosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea.