Resource of large-scale scientific research instruments is an integral part of all kinds of scientific and technological resources, and plays a vital role in scientific and technological development. Even now, while increasing investment in science and technology, the inherent features of scarcity of scientific and technological resources and the efficiency of resource allocation are becoming more apparent. Limited technology resources to achieve effective and rational allocation has become an important issue facing the current technology investment. In this paper, we will explore China's large-scale scientific research instruments resources present in over-provisioning, shared inefficiencies and other issues, analyze the problems with the relevant theories, and offer some solutions.