Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory disease in birds and mammals, including pigs and humans. Infection by IAV in pigs increases not only economic losses in the swine industry but also the emergence of novel IAV variants via gene reassortment, which is important due to the susceptibility of both birds and humans to IAV. This study provides serological data obtained during a study to detect IAV infections in pigs in the Republic of Korea during 2018 and 2019. A total of 1,559 samples were collected from 74 domestic pig farms. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed using the A/Swine/Korea/25-13(H1N1), A/Swine/Korea/E102 (H1N2), and A/Swine/Korea/Cy10/2007 (H3N2) viruses as antigens. The HI assay results showed that 266 of the 1,559 samples were seropositive (17.0%). Among these, H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 comprised 7.3% (114), 6.0% (93), and 8.8% (137) of the 1,559 samples, respectively. Co-infections of H1N1/H1N2, H1N1/H3N2, H1N2/H3N2 and H1N1/H1N2/H3N2 were observed in 2.1% (31), 1.5% (23), 1.5% (24), and 0.8% (13) of the 1,559 samples, respectively. Interestingly, IAV infections were detected in all nine provinces of the country.

Recently, barley is gaining renewed interest for food due to nutritional and functional characteristics. and many breeder developed new barley varieties containing nutritional and functional components. Anthocyanin have been well characterized for its bioactive properties, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Some colored varieties with purple lemma that is a kind of anthocyanin were developed. We have to find out the harvesting time containing maximum anthocyanin content. In this study, we analyzed anthocyanin content at intervals of 4-6days after heading date. We analyzed Delphinidin-3-glucoside(Del3g), Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cya3g), Pelargonidin-3-glucoside(Pel3g), Peonidin(Peo3g), Malvidin-3-glucoside(Mal3g) using the HPLC with Xterra C18 column and UV Detector. Anthocyanin was extracted with 80% MeOH solution containing 1% HCl for 24hr. Mobil phase composition of HPLC was 45% Acetonitrile solution with 10% Formic acid. Anthocyanin content was increased rapidly from 30day after heading date to 35day. At 35-37day, anthocyanin content was maximum. Thereafter, it was decreased rapidly to 40day.

Almost of Korean has used the barley mixing with rice and there are many barley brands have been sold in Korea. In this study, we investigated protein, -glucan content, waxy β ratio, cooking property and whiteness of 107 Korean barley products. The protein, β-glucan content and whiteness of waxy barley(7.17-12.57%, 2.81-7.38%, 27.1-49.6) were higher than non-waxy barley products(6.62-11.38%, 2.44-6.95%, 29.0-44.4). Waxy barley had a better cooking properties than non-waxy barley products. Water absorption and expansion of waxy barley(218-593%, 366-593%) were higher than non-waxy barley(135-284%, 227-457%). These properties and components were significantly different with producing area. Protein showed positive correlation with β-glucan in non-waxy and waxy barley(r=0.632***, r=0.453**). Whiteness showed negative correlation with protein content in non-waxy barley and waxy barley(r=-0.433***, r=-0.343**). Waxy ratio of 49 waxy barley brands was ranged from 84.4% to 100%. Average was 96.7%.