COVID-19 감염은 전염성이 강한 RNA 바이러스 SARS-CoV-2에 의해 전 세계적인 건강 문제로 현재 대유 행 중이다. COVID-19는 호흡기 증상뿐만 아니라 다양한 신체적 증상이 발생한다. 신체의 거의 모든 기관에 영향 을 미칠 수 있으며, 눈에서도 다양한 증상을 보고하고 있다. SARS-CoV-2는 주로 사람 간 호흡기 비말 또는 에어로졸을 통해 사람에게서 사람으로 전염된다. SARS-CoV-2은 신체에 들어가 표면 지질 외피를 통해 돌출된 스파이크 당단백질을 사용하여 세포에 결합한다. SARS-CoV-2는 세포 표면 단백질 ACE2에 결합하여 바이러스가 세포를 감염시켜 눈에 손상을 준다. 결막염이 가 장 흔한 증상이며, 안구건조증, 이물감, 가려움증, 시력 흐려짐, 망막 출혈 등 눈의 증상은 매우 다양하다. 눈 자체는 전염 경로가 아닐 수 있지만, 전염 위험을 최소화하기 위해 눈을 보호하고 손 위생에 주의를 기울여야 한다. COVID-19에 감염되면 콘택트렌즈 사용을 중단할 것을 제안한다. 또한, 콘택트렌즈의 올바른 착용, 관리, 세척, 렌즈 및 렌즈케이스 교체 등을 통해 콘택트렌즈의 위생에 유의할 필요가 있으며, 일회용 콘택트렌즈를 권장한다.

This research focuses on the analysis of the high school German textbook "Deutsch 1" which is developed and published in South Korea in 2013. Many public high schools have adopted this book as the official textbook for introduction to German language and culture. This book reflects the communicative and intercultural competences, which are formulated as an explicit teaching goal in the national teaching plan of 2009. In the theoretical part of this research we critically look into the diverse checklists of German textbook criteria which are developed in the history of German language edcuation. In the practical part of this research we aim to devise new criteria which correspond to our schemes of analyses by means of which we analyze the school textbook licensed in Korea.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells have property of self-renewal and can differentiate into the cells of all three primary germ layers. Recently, many growth factors, alteration of culture condition and gene modifications have been used to differentiate mouse and human ES cells into specific cell types. This study was performed to evaluate the differentiation protocol for human ES cells to the endodermal lineage cells. Human ES cells (Miz-hESl ) were cultured on STO feeder layer mitotically inactivated with mitemycin C, and embryoid bodies (EBs) were formed by suspension culture. Differentiation protocol of EBs consisted of three steps: stage I, culture of EBs for 6 days with ITSFn medium; stage II, culture of stage I cells for 8 days with N2 medium ; stage III, culture of stage II cells for 22 days with N2 medium. mRNA levels of the endodermal lineage differentiation genes were analyzed by semi- quantitative RT-PCR. The Oct-4 expression, a marker of the pluripotent state, was detected in undifferentiated human ES cells but progressively decreased after EBs formation. Differentiating human ES cells expressed marker genes of endodermal differentiation and pancreatic islet cells. GATA4, a-fetoprotein, Glut-2, and Ngn3 were expressed in all stages. However, albumin and insulin were expressed in only stage III cells. The human ES cells can be differentiated into endodermal lineage cells by multiple step culture system using various supplements. We are developing the more effective protocols for guided differentiation of human ES cells.