This essay reviews the ‘All Okinawa’ anti-base movement, which has entered a new phase since November 2014. The Abe administration’s coercive measures to proceed with the relocation of the US Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko in Okinawa, have aroused strong opposition. Led by Governor Onaga and the All Okinawa Council, the ‘All Okinawa’ movement has integrated the civic opinions for opposing the construction of a new base at Henoko. Moreover, this movement has pursued the autonomy as a way of exercising the right of self-determination. In addition, it contains an ethnic minority movement that reestablishes the Okinawan identity in relation to Japan.