Sparassis latifolia is a fungus abundant in β-glucan and amino acids and is highly valued as a medicinal mushroom. Among amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a free amino acid and has biological effects, such as increase/decrease of hypertension, improvement of cerebral blood flow, and prevention of dementia. In this study, biological elicitors were used to increase bioactive substances as a biofortification method. Sodium alginate extracted from seaweed (Sargassum horneri, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum fusiforme) were used as the elicitor. The levels of β-glucan and GABA in the mycelium and fruiting body grown by adding the elicitor to the medium were investigated. Addition of sodium alginate positively affected GABA production and negatively affected the β-glucan production in these fungi. Sodium alginates extracted from S. fulvellum induced the highest increase in GABA in the mycelium and fruiting bodies. Moreover, we investigated the effects of the extracts from mycelium and fruiting bodies on dendrite development in primary cortical neurons. We found that the extract from the fruiting bodies of sodium alginate treated fungi with increased levels of GABA inhibited the dendrite outgrowth of excitatory neurons, but not inhibitory neurons.

The purpose of this study is to examine the exposure risk of thermal paper ingredients by analyzing skin permeation using an in vitro Franz cell. Thermal printer papers are usually used for receipt papers, and the skin of shop assistant is continuously exposed to hazardous ingredients of thermal papers. The skin permeation risk of thermal paper ingredients, including bisphenol A and toluene, was determined using an in vitro Franz diffusion cell method using hairless mouse full skin and human cadaver epidermis. Bisphenol A, a major component in each thermal paper, showed moderate skin penetration. Most skin absorption rates were similar in both hairless mouse full skin and human cadaver epidermis. The possible risk of exposure to toxic substances in thermal paper was confirmed from this study. These is results are expected to contribute to establishment of management regulations for thermal papers.

목적: 조도가 눈의 굴절력과 동공크기에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환과 안과 수술경력이 없고 양안 교정시력이 1.0 이상인 평균 20세의 남녀 30명(남자 11명, 여자 19명)을 대상으로 조도 100Lux, 300Lux, 500Lux, 800Lux, 1,000Lux에서 각각 눈의 굴절력과 동공의 크기를 측정하여 보였다. 결과: 우안의 평균 구면 굴절력 변화는 500~800Lux 에서 S=0.03±0.24D, 좌안의 평균 구면 굴절력 변화는 100~300Lux에서 S+0.08±0.24D, 우안의 평균 원주 굴절력 변화는 500~800 Lux에서 C+0.02D, 좌안의 평균 원주 굴절력 변화는 500~800Lux에서 C+0.10D의 변화를 보였다. 또한, 조도에 따른 동공의 크기는 100Lux에서는 6.02㎜, 300Lux에서는 6.04㎜, 500Lux에서는 5.75㎜, 800Lux에서는 4.01㎜, 1,000Lux에서는 3.64㎜로 나타났다. 결론: 조도에 따른 눈의 굴절력 변화는 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았지만, 조도변화의 일부구간에서 구면 및 원주굴절력이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 동공크기의 변화는 500Lux부터 동공의 크기가 통계적으로 유의하게 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 이에 대한 검안실 조도의 적절한 기준이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Salt stress is one of major restrictions for the production of lettuce. In order to identify promising lettuce genotypes having tolerance against salt stress, effect of different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM) on electrolyte leakage and growth of thirty-two lettuce landraces from Korea was evaluated. Screening salt tolerant genotypes based on cluster analysis using data of electrolyte leakage discriminated 'IT105183' and 'IT195057' as the most salt tolerant landraces. More importantly, salinity significantly reduced growth of lettuce, but the reduction rates of growth caused by salt stress in salt-tolerant genotypes were much smaller than those in salt-sensitive genotypes. These results indicate that 'IT105183' and 'IT195057' have high potential for being used as parents to improve salt tolerance in other lettuce cultivars.