Graphene was grown on molybdenum (Mo) foil by a chemical vapor deposition method at different growth temperatures (1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C). The properties of graphene were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the quality of the deposited graphene layer was affected by the growth temperature. XRD results showed the presence of a carbide phase on the Mo surface; the presence of carbide was more intense at 1200°C. Additionally, a higher I2D/IG ratio (0.418) was observed at 1200°C, which implies that there are fewer graphene layers at this temperature. The lowest ID/IG ratio (0.908) for the graphene layers was obtained at 1200°C, suggesting that graphene had fewer defects at this temperature. The size of the graphene domains was also calculated. We found that by increasing the growth temperature, the graphene domain size also increased.

Oxalic acid has a nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. High producer of oxalic acid was isolated, and then named as Aspergillus niger F22. Oxalic acid production was investigated under various temperatures from 20 – 33oC and rotational speeds in 5 L jar fermenters. Yield of oxalic acid increased with decreasing temperature. The highest yield was obtained at 23oC, showing the yield of oxalic acid of 8.7 g/L, whereas oxalic acid production was least at 33oC. At 20oC, the yield was lower than that of 23oC. At a rotational speed of 300 rpm, serious oxygen depletion was present from 48 - 72 h, resulting in low productivity of 26.2 mg /L·h. When a rotational speed was set at 600 rpm, dissolved oxygen tension was over 40% and oxalic acid production increased up to approximately 55%. Viscosity during the culture differed with temperatures. Viscosity increased with the increment of temperatures. When A. niger F22 was cultured at 23oC, viscosity was 810 cP, which was favorable for oxalic acid production.

Electrochemical synthesis was employed to prepare a novel hydroxyapatite/graphene (HAP/ Gr) composite powder suitable for medical applications as a hard tissue implant (scaffold). The synthesis was performed in a homogeneous dispersion containing Na2H2EDTA·2H2O, NaH2PO4 and CaCl2 with a Ca/EDTA/PO4 3− concentration ratio of 0.25/0.25/0.15M, along with 0.01 wt% added graphene nanosheets, at a current density of 137 mA cm−2 and pH value of 9.0. The field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations of the composite HAP/Gr powder indicated that nanosized hydroxyapatite particles were uniformly placed in the graphene overlay. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed graphene incorporation in the HAP/Gr powder. The electrochemically prepared HAP/Gr composite powder exhibited slight antibacterial effect against the growth of the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.

Although bombesin (BN) regulates colonic motility, the associated mechanism of action remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of BN on colonic motility using isolated rat colon. An isolated rat colon was perfused with Krebs solution via the superior mesenteric artery. Intraluminal pressure was measured via microtip catheter pressure transducers at both proximal and distal portions of the isolated colon. After a control period, BN was administered intraarterially in concentrations of 13, 26, 130, and 260 pM. After pretreatment with hexamethonium (10-3 M), atropine (10-5 M), or tetrodotoxin (10-6 M), BN was administered at a concentration of 260 pM (proximal colon) or 130 pM (distal colon); intraluminal pressure was then monitored. Changes in motility were expressed as the percentage change of motility index (MI) over the basal period. As a result, BN increased colonic motility and a dose-dependent increase in proximal colonic motility was observed. The stimulant effect of BN was almost completely abolished by atropine and tetrodotoxin at both the proximal and distal colon. However, BN was not inhibited by hexamethonium at both the proximal and distal colon. Therefore, the stimulant action of BN may be mediated by local cholinergic muscarinic receptors.

This study aims to examine the effect of Genetically Modified β -Carotene Biofortified Rice rice developed by simultaneous expression technology in NAAS on biological immunity. Accordingly, this study added Genetically Modified β-Carotene Biofortified Rice 25, 50% and general rice 50% as control group into diet and provided rats with the prescribed feeds and then measured the contents of immunoglobulin and cytokine in blood. As a result, male and female IgM, IgE, male IgG1, female IgG2a and TNF-a, IL5 and IL12 showed no significant difference; male IgG2a tended to decrease dependently on the combined concentration of Genetically Modified β-Carotene Biofortified Rice; female IgG1 showed significance with control group, but its association with diet was not found. The higher the dietary mixing ratio, the more the male and female IFN-a and female IL-4 contents, regardless of rice variety, and it was found that female IL6 content decreased significantly, but its association with diet was not found. The risk of beta carotene-enriched rice into environment and human body has not been reported yet. The digestion of Genetically Modified β-Carotene Biofortified Rice can be seen as "safe" as this test result showed no big difference between general rice and Genetically Modified β-Carotene Biofortified Rice, and its usability is full of suggestions.

죽순의 가공 식품으로서의 적합성을 규명하고 염장죽순에 대한 과학적 자료를 마련하기 위차여 왕죽, 분죽, 맹종죽 죽순의 화학적 특성과 염장 죽순 제조 과정에서의 화학적 성분변화를 검토하였다. 수분. 조지방 함량은 염장기간에 따라 서서히 감소하였고 조단백. 회분의 함량은 증가하였으며 pH는 염장 80일째까지 감소하였다가 80일 이후부터는 다시 증가하였고 염 농도는 맹종죽 죽순이 가강 높은 염 농도를 보였으며 숙성이 진행되는 60일째 최고 염 농도를 보였다가 그 이후는 조금씩 감소하였다. 탄닌과 아스코르브산 함량은 염장 중에 계속 완만한 감소를 보였다 유리 아미노산의 조성은 세린 아르기닌. 알라닌. 로이신. 티로신이 주요 아미노산으로 분석되었고, 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 총 유리아미노산 함량은 염장 120일째까지 지속적으로 감소하였다 특히 아르기닌이 가장 빠른 감소 폭을 보였으며 세린. 알라닌. 로이신 등은 서서히 감소하였다 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 원료 죽순 중 왕죽 죽순이 1.060.18㎎/100g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈고 다음으로 맹종죽 죽순이 612.29㎎/100g. 분죽 죽순이 539.76㎎/100g의 순으로 나타났으며 염장 죽순은 맹종죽 죽순이 76.60㎎/100g으로 가장 높았고 분죽 죽순이 44.43㎎/100g.왕죽 죽순이 43.70㎎/100g 나타나 염장 중 유리 아미노산의 감소가 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 무기성분의 경우 Mg, Ca. Na을 제외한 대두분이 원료 죽순에서 높은 함량이 분석되었는데 윈료 죽순은 K>P>Na>Ca>Mg>Fe>)Zn>Mn>Ge>Gu의 순으로 K의 함량이 가장 높았으나 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 P. Fe. Zn. Mn, Ge, Gu의 함량은 서서히 감소하고 K, Mg. Na. Ca의 함량은 증가하여 염장 l20일째에」Na>K>Ca>P>Fe>Ge>Mn>Zn의 순으로 Na 함량이 크게 증가하였다.

새로운 Bacillus sp.의 숙주균주로서 가능성을 조사하기 위해 알칼리 내성 Bacillus sp. YA-14의 형질전화최적조건을 검토한 결과 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 형질전화배지로서 0.4% MgSO_4, 0.5mM CaCl_2가 함유된 modified SPI배지 (pH 8.0)를 사용하였으며, 말기 대수증식기의 균체가 최적이었다. 또한 competent cell 1ml에 plasmid DNA 0.5g을 첨가하여 40분간 진탕배양하는 것이 형질전환에 가장 좋았으며, 이러한 최적조건하에서 형질전환율은 4.53×10 exp (-6)CFU/ml/㎍ DNA이었다. 전기영동실험을 통하여 transformant 내에 분자량 3.0×10 exp (6) daltons의 pUB110 plasmid DNA가 도입되었음을 확인하였고, 20세대 계대배양 후에도 안정하였다. 이로부터 알카리내성 Bacillus sp. YA-14는 Bacillus속 미생물의 host-vector system에서 새로운 숙주균주로서 이용가능성을 보여 주었다.

To investigate the nutritional contents of lunchbox of students of elementary school located in Sokcho city Kangwon province, the survey was conducted from April 23 to April 26, 1991. Main dishes and side dishes in lunchbox were weighed and nutrients were analyzed from food composition table. Total daily energy and nutrients intake were reach to RDA`s, except for intake of calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B_2 and vitamin C. Children`s height was positively correlated with energy and protein intake. Fat intake was positively correlated with monthly income and intake of vitamin A was positively correlated with number of family. This survey suggests that it need nutritional education program and school feeding to improvement of nutritional status for children.

JAK2 V617F mutation is a common event in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. However, de novo acute myeloid leukemia with JAK2 V617F is rarely encountered. The authors report the case of a 74-year-old male with de novo acute myeloblastic leukemia without maturation (AML M1) and a JAk2 V617F heterozygotic mutation. Despite treatment with standard AML regimens, the patient died 2 months after a diagnosis of acute leukemia. This case of an AML patient with a JAK2 V617F mutation with a poor prognosis suggests that despite its rarity, a JAK2 V617F mutational study be considered for prognostic purposes in AML.