A galactose fermentation bacterium producing lactose from red seaweed, which was known well to com-promise the galactose as main reducing sugar, was isolated from button mushroom bed in Buyeo-Gun, Chungchugnam-do province. The lactic acid bacteria MONGB-2 was identified as Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans by analysisof 16S rRNA gene sequence. When the production of lactic acid and acetic acid by L. paracasei MONGB-2 was inves-tigated by HPLC analysis with various carbohydrates, the strain MONGB-2 efficiently convert the glucose and galactoseto lactic acid with the yield of 18.86 g/L and 18.23 g/L, respectively and the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acidswas 1.0 and 0.91g/g for both substrates. However, in the case of acetic acid fermentation, other carbohydrates besidesgalactose and red seaweed hydrolysate could not be totally utilized as carbon sources for acetic acid production by thestrain. The lactic acid production from glucose and galactose in the fermentation time courses was gradually enhancedupto 60 h fermentation and the maximal concentration reached to be 16-18 g/L from both substrates after 48 h of fer-mentation. The initial concentration of glucose and galactose were completely consumed within 36 h of fermentation, ofwhich the growth of cell also was maximum level. In addition, the bioconversion of lactic acid from the red seaweedhydrolysate by L. paracasei MONGB-2 appeared to be about 20% levels of the initial substrates concentration and thisresults were entirely lower than those of galactose and glucose showed about 60% of conversion. The apparent resultsshowed that L. paracasei MONGB-2 could produce the lactic acid with glucose as well as galactose by the homof-ermentation through EMP pathway

A xylanase bacteria, isolated from Waste Mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in Sukseong-myeon, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, was used to produce an xylanase in shaker buffle flask cultures containing oat spelt xylans. This strain was screen onto xylan agar congo-red plate by the xylanolysis method. The phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequence data showed that Bacillus subtilisstrain 55 had the highest homology (99.0%) with Bacillus subtilisand it was named Bacillus subtilisstrain 55. Bacteria grows and activity maximum during 2 days. The xylanase enzyme was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (50~80%), gel filtration on sephacryl S-300, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE sepharose FF. The molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE method. Enzyme size was 44kDa. The optimal pH of the xylanase activity was pH 7, and stability pH 6. The optimal temperature for the xylanase activity and stability was showed same temperature at 50℃. The purified xylnase had Kmvalue and Vmax of 20㎎/㎖ and 2500μM/min respectively. The enzyme was active on oat spelt xylan, beechwood xylan and little activity on starch substrate specificity. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Fe2+and Mn2+and strongly inhibited by Hg+.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a causative agent of erysipelas in avian and mammalian species globally. Eight dead 5-week-old Ross broiler chickens were submitted for diagnostic tests in September 2005. Typical signs including white necrotic foci on the liver, focal congestion of the pancreas, severe atrophy and hardening of the bursa of Fabricius were detected. E. rhusiopathiae was isolated from haemorrhagic lung samples. However, no specific PCR product for the viral diseases tested was detected in these chicken samples. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of E. rhusiopathiae in broiler chickens in Korea.