This study investigated the nutrition education realities and nutrition status of children in community child centers, by analyzing the status of nutrition education, nutrition quotient (NQ), and the level of maintaining dietary guidelines. The subjects were 173 children from grades 1 to 6, enrolled in community child centers, Jinju, Kyungnam. The NQ was examined by a questionnaire, which was a checklist of 19 food behavior items. The distribution of scores (out of 100) in the nutrition quotient were as follows: total score of NQ was 59.4, balance 56.6, diversity 60.6, moderation 65.6, regularity 60.9, and practice 56.7. Nutrition quotient was higher in the higher graders due to significant differences in the area of variety. The level of maintaining dietary guidelines was higher in girls, especially in the area ‘eat politely with family’, and higher amongst the upper graders in the area ‘have safe snack wisely’. To improve the eating habits and nutritional status of the children in community child centers, their nutritional state should be checked with regular and systematic education, and their nutritional management should be pursued continuously. Since the assessment of the eating behaviors and the nutritional state of children is important at home as well as in schools and community child centers, nutritional education should be further extended to the parents and their care givers. This study can be implemented as basic material for the nutritional education of children, to minimize the dangers of malnutrition and to help build up the right eating habits amongst children in community child centers.

Physicochemical properties of potato chip treated with superheated steam (SHS) at various temperatures (120, 150, 180, and 220oC) and durations (2, 5, 8, and 10 min) were measured to assess the potential application of SHS in the production of unfried chips. A faster drying rate was obtained at a higher SHS temperature due to a lower degree of water condensation on the surface of the potato chip. A higher temperature of SHS resulted in higher volume shrinkage, indicating the dependency of shrinkage on the volume of water loss. SHS treatment did not cause any significant defects in the appearance of potato chips although pillowing and burnt spots were observed on the surface of the sample processed at 220oC for 10 min. Damaged starch content and Rapid Visco Analyzer profiles showed that partial gelatinization occurred during SHS treatment. Potato chips treated with SHS showed the shrinkage of parenchyma cells, resulting to compressed cell layers at the surface and inside. As treatment proceeded, air cells were formed internally. These results suggested that SHS combined with post drying process would be appropriate in the production of unfried potato chips by reducing drying time without causing any deterioration in quality.

Effects of superheated steam (SHS) temperature (120, 150, 180, 220°C) and time (2, 5, 8, 10 min) on physicochemical properties of garlic chips were examined. Higher the SHS temperature, a faster drying rate was observed due to the lower extent of water condensation on the garlic chip’s surface at the initial stage of treatment. Garlic chips treated at 220°C for 10 min showed the lowest water content and water activity. However appearance of these was inappropriate due to burnt spots on the surface. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that garlic chips treated at higher SHS temperature showed compressed smooth cell layers at the surface with more compact internal structure due to higher degree of dehydration when compared to chips treated at lower temperature. These results confirmed that SHS could be utilized as an effective drying method for the production of garlic chips. Moreover, it is recommended that SHS treatment combined with other conventional post drying process would result in garlic chips with better quality in terms of color.

Effects of superheated steam (SHS) temperature (120, 150, 180, 220°C) and time (2, 5, 8, 10 min) on product quality attributes of snack-type ginseng chips were studied. Ginseng chips dried at faster rate under a higher SHS temperature. Higher SHS temperature resulted in ginseng chips with lower moisture content and water activity. After SHS treatment, lightness (L values) and redness (a values) of ginseng chips decreased significantly whereas yellowness (b values) of those increased. Although crude saponin content in ginseng chips reduced slightly after SHS treatment, chips treated at 150°C for 5 min had the highest saponin retention among samples. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that SHS treatment cause the shrinkage at the surface first, forming compressed cell layers. As treatment proceeded, pores and cavities were formed internally, resulting porous structure. These results suggested that SHS treatment shows great promise in production of snack-type ginseng chips by reducing drying time without any quality deterioratio

In apple orchards, the damages by woodborers are increased. Mainly infesting woodborers are elucidated three species, namely, the fruit-tree pinhole borer (Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg)), black timber bark beetle (Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)), and Xyleborus apicalis (Blandford). Investigated result from population densities of woodborers using trap at Apple Research Station in Gunwi, Gyeongbuk, X. saxeseni and X. germanus were first captured from late-March and reached highest peak at mid-April. X. apicalis also first captured from late-March and reached highest peak at mid/late-May than April. Entrance hall was first observed from late-March and recorded highest number at April, but steadily decreased. Numbers of entrance hall according to the apple varieties were ordered as ‘Hwangok’ > ‘Fuji’ > ‘Hongro’. Entrance hall by tree height were mainly observed range from 21 to 80 cm (from the ground), found with highest entrance hall at 190 cm. Entrance hall by lateral branch order were mainly occurred at the first lateral branch from the ground, but the entrance hall was decreased as height increased. The ratio of trunk and branch were showed as 6.5 : 3.5.

본 연구는 40-60세 남성들 119명을 대상으로 혈압과 체위지수 및 생화학적 지수와의 관련성을 조사 ․ 분석하였다. 평균 혈압은 정상혈압군 104.5 ± 5.9/67.3 ± 5.0 mmHg, 전단계고혈압군 125.2 ± 5.1/77.5 ± 7.1 mmHg, 고혈압군 143.5 ± 8.9/90.2 ± 7.3 mmHg로 나타났다. 체질량지수 및 허리-엉덩이둘레비는 고혈압군이 정상혈압군 및 전단계고혈압군보다 높았다. 혈색소와 혈청 알부민, 포도당, 알라닌트랜스아미나제, 알도스테론 농도는 고혈압군이 정상혈압군 및 전단계고혈압군보다 높았다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 아포지단백 B 농도 및 동맥경화지수는 전단계고혈압군 및 고혈압군이 정상혈압군보다 높았다. 혈압이 높은 군일수록 혈청 중성지질 농도는 높은 반면 혈장 아스코르브산의 농도는 낮았다. 전단계고혈압군인 경우에 체질량지수는 아포지단백 A1 및 아스코르브산 농도와 음의 상관성을 나타내었고, 고혈압군인 경우에 체질량지수는 중성지질 농도와, 허리-엉덩이둘레비는 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 농도와 각각 양의 상관성을 나타내었다. 아스코르브산 농도는 정상혈압군과 고혈압군에서 HDL-콜레스테롤 및 아포지단백 A1 농도와는 양의 상관성을 나타낸 반면 동맥경화지수와는 음의 상관성을 나타내었다. 이들 결과로 미루어 고혈압을 예방하기 위해서는 이상적인 체중유지와 더불어 혈청 지질 및 나트륨 농도를 저하시키고 혈장 아스코르브산 농도를 상승시키는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 남성 근로자들의 대사증후군 유병율을 알아보 고, 체위와 혈액학적 지수, 식습관과 건강관련 행동 등 여러 가지 요인들과 관련성을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상자들의 일 반적인 사항은 연령은 정상군 및 위험군은 ‘20대’가 가장 많 은 반면, 대사증후군군에서는 ‘30대’가 가장 많게 나타났다. 혈청 ALT의 농도는 대사증후군군(31.3±14.0 U/ℓ)이 정상군 (19.2±7.6 U/ℓ) 및 위험군(22.8±12.5 U/ℓ)에 비해 유의적으 로 높게 나타났으며, AST(p<.05) 및 γ-GTP 농도(p<.001)는 대 사증후군군(30.3±8.8 U/ℓ, 91.1±40.2 U/ℓ) > 위험군(25.7±8.1 U/ℓ, 41.8±20.2 U/ℓ) > 정상군(22.8±6.0 U/ℓ, 26.6±10.7 U/ ℓ) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 수축기 혈압은 대사증후군군(132.9±6.3 ㎜Hg)>위험군(123.5± 9.8 ㎜Hg)>정상군(116.8±7.0 ㎜Hg) 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 이완기 혈압은 대사증후군군이 정상군(75.0±5.1 ㎜Hg)과 위 험군(79.1±7.1 ㎜Hg)보다 높게 나타났다. 혈청 중성지질 및 혈 당 농도는 대사증후군군(242.5±114.8 ㎎/㎗, 142.3± 53.7 ㎎/㎗)> 위험군(186.9±134.3 ㎎/㎗, 111.3±37.0 ㎎/㎗)>정상군(82.8±33.8 ㎎/㎗, 84.7±16.9 ㎎/㎗) 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 동맥경화지 수는 대사증후군군(3.5±1.2)이 정상군(2.2±0.7)과 위험군(2.7±1.0) 에 비해 높게 나타난 반면 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 대사증후 군군(45.9±14.0 ㎎/㎗)이 정상군(62.4± 16.6 ㎎/㎗) 및 위험군 (56.2±14.5 ㎎/㎗)에 비해 낮았다. 아침식사의 빈도에서는 아침식사를 ‘매일 한다’는 응답률은 대사증후군군이 가장 높은 반면 ‘전혀 하지 않는다’라는 응 답률은 정상군이 가장 높았다. 음주 빈도는 정상군과 위험군 에서는 ‘주 3~4회’가 가장 많은 반면에 대사증후군군의 경우 에는 ‘주 5회 이상’이 가장 많았다. 음주량에서 ‘주 200 g 미 만’은 위험군이 가장 많았고, ‘주 200~399 g’은 정상군이 가장 많았으며, ‘주 400 g 이상’은 대사증후군군이 가장 많았다. 정 상군의 경우 연령이 많아질수록 Hemoglobin 농도는 낮았으 나 LDL-C/HDL-C와 AI는 높았고, 위험군은 연령이 많아질수 록 Hemoglobin 농도는 낮았으나 혈당 농도는 높게 나타났다. 대사증후군군의 경우에는 연령이 많아질수록 Hemoglobin 농 도는 낮았으나 γ-GTP, LDL-콜레스테롤및 수축기 혈압은 높 게 나타났다. AST 농도가 높을수록 대사증후군군에서는 혈 당 농도가 높았으며, ALT 농도가 높을수록 위험군에서는 허 리둘레와 수축기 혈압이 높았다. 그리고 γ-GTP 농도가 높을 수록 위험군에서는 수축기 혈압과 허리둘레가 높았으며, 대 사증후군군에서는 혈당 농도가 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본 조사 대상자들의 아침식사 빈도, 교육 수준, 음주량 및 음주 빈도, 운동 빈도, AST, ALT 및 γ- GTP 농도가 대사증후군의 유병률에 영향을 미치는 중요 요 인인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 대사증후군의 유병률을 줄이 고 나아가서는 심혈관질환의 위험을 감소시키기 위해서는 체중 감소, 활동량 증가, 음주량 및 음주 빈도 줄이기 등의 다양한 생활습관 교정이 필요하며, 이에 대한 연구와 교육이 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, serum lipid levels, dietary behavior and health-related behaviors of shipbuilding workers. The education level was significantly higher in office workers than laborers, while age, monthly income and working years were not significantly different between both groups. The serum triglyceride, glucose concentration and AI were significantly higher in office workers than in laborers, but the serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in laborers than in office workers. The frequency of breakfast and coffee intake was significantly higher in office workers than in laborers. In the office workers, age was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure but was negatively correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration In the laborers, working year was negatively correlated with hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol concentrations. Exercise was negatively correlated with total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration and AI in the office workers. The results of this study showed that office workers are more prone to related chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, nutritional education for the provention of chronic degenerative diseases of shipbuilding workers needs to be more focused on improving the health status of office workers.

he purpose of this study is to offer youth with the basic materials for developing nutrition education programs and to help domestic science teachers in schools implement effective dietary education by examining their awareness of food additives. In the source of acquiring knowledges on food additives, the results were through mass media, technology and home economics teachers, and family members in order. The majority of students thought that they don't need the education about food additives. As effective teaching methods, they first selected the use of visual media, followed by experimental cooking classes, field trip, and inquiry lessons using processed foods. As a result of analyzing the education on food additives in accordance with demographic factors, more number of female students, compared to male students depicted the need for education on food additives. Further, the lower the cost students spend on purchasing processed foods per day, the higher the necessity of the education they indicate. The necessity of education content on food additives showed significant difference depending on the cost of buying processed foods, and the degree of interest and help real-life according to gender indicated significant differences. The satisfaction with education on food additives, which was implemented in home economics education revealed significant differences according to gender. This study aims to provide the basic data for the development and research of educational programs regarding good eating habits among the general youth. However, there are limitations to the presentation of the practical training program. For this reason, based on the results of this study, further studies should follow this study in order to develop and study educational programs related to food additives for teaching and learning purposes.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal planting distance in cultivation of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poeppig ＆ Endlicher). Plug seedlings were planted with 6 different plant densities of 80 ~times 60, 80 ~times 50, 70 ~times 50, 70 ~times 45, 70 ~times 40 and 60 ~times 45 cm. The plant height and the petiole length were increased with increasing the planting distance. The tallest plant height of yacon was 165.4cm with the plant density of 80 ~times 60 cm. However, branch number per plant, leaf number on main stem and stem diameter were not significantly difference among planting densities. Tuberous root was harvested 31.42 tons/ha in 70 ~times 50 cm spacing. The ratio of heavier tuberous roots than 200 g to total tuberous roots decreased significantly according to increase of planting density. Fresh weights of shoot and root, contain the crown bud, were decreased, as planting distance was shorter. Tuberous root number was fewer but its weight was heavier in wide planting than in dense planting. We think that optimal planting density is about 30,000 plants/ha, if it were to be 70 cm row spacing, intrarow spacing should calculate about 47cm.

This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of Japonica and Indica rice cultivars during germinating and seedling stages by using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Each 5 cultivars of Japonica and Indica were cultured from 14 days after seeding(DAS) to 21 DAS using the PEG solution in a moderate water potential (-0.63 MPa). The lengths of radicle and plumule during the germinating stage were inhibitied by the PEG treatment to about 50% and 85%, respectively. The application of PEG to the seedling of two rice types caused to inhibit the plant height and leaf age about 23 % and 10%, respectively. Shoot and root dry weights by PEG treatment were inhibited more severely in Japonica than those in Indica. The difference on delaying of leaf area expansion between both rice types was not found with treatment of PEG, while the leaf color was increased in both Japonica and Indica by 19.9% and 9.2%, respectively. The average photosynthetic ability was inhibited more in Japonica to 36.0% than did Indica to 27.9%. The stomatal conductance was severely affected by PEG treatment, and the degree was varied in both rice types, ranged with 80-85% in Japonica and 29.3-81.6% in Indica. These results indicate there is little relationship between seed germination and seedling growth under the stress of low water potential.

파종정도를 달리하는 과맥의 정상형(정상 출수품종)과 좌지형(좌지품종)의 유수(생장원추)와 엽신에서 일어나는 물질대사의 변화를 유수의 분화 및 발육은계별로 조사, 비교하여 파성과 물질대사와의 상호관계를 추구하였다. 1. 정상형의 유수에서는 포분화기 직후 불용성질소의 함량 미 전질소에 대한 비율이 크게 증가하나 좌지형은 정상형에 비하여 그 함량이 낮은 채로 전조사기간에 걸쳐 거의 변동이 없다. 2. 엽신에 있어서의 불용성질소는 정상형의 경우, 포분화기 이후 거의 직선적으로 감소하나 좌지형의 경우에는 포분화기부터 그 함량이 정상형보다 현저하게 높은 채로 거의 변동이 없다. 3. 핵산태린의 경우, 정상형의 유수에서는 그 함량과 함께 불용성린에 대한 비율도 크게 증가하여 영화분화기에는 포분화기의 약 3배에 이른다. 좌지형의 경우는 약간의 증감은 있으나 거의 일정한 수준을 유지하고 그 비율은 오히려 감소하는 것이 특징적이다. 4. 엽신에 있어서의 핵산태린은 정상형의 경우, 계속하여 감소하는데 그 감소 정도는 이중융기분화기에 가장 현저하며, 좌지형의 경우에는 포분화기부터 그 함량이 정상형보다 낮은 채로 거의 일정한 수준을 유지하고 있다. 5. 유수에서의 탄수화물은 정상형의 경우, 비환원당을 제외한 전당류가 증가하고 조전분은 거의 변화가 없다. 좌지형에 있어서는 환원당이 포분화기 직후 크게 증가하여 포분화기의 약 1, 5배에 달한다. 6. 정상형의 엽신에 있어서는 전당을 제외한 전탄수화물의 함량이 거의 일정하며 좌지형에서는 비환원당의 함량 및 가용성당에 대한 비율이 정상형에 비하여 월등하게 높다. 7. 정상형의 경우 핵산태린과 불용성질소는 그 변동경향이 상호 평행한데 특히, 유수에서는 증가하고 엽신에서는 감소하였으며 그 시기는 이중융기분화기와 일치하였다. 8. 특히, 정상형과 좌지형과의 함량의 차이(불용성질소, 핵산태린, 산가용성린, 비환원당, 조전분 등)는 생식상으로의 이행 후 뿐만 아니라 영양생장기의 포분화기에서도 선명하게 나타났다. 9. 좌지형에서 두드러지게 나타나는 현상의 하나로는 물질의 함량 및 그 함유율이 정상형에 비하여 유수 또는 엽신 어느 한 쪽에 편중되어 있기도 하고(불용성질소, 산가용성린, 환원당, 비환원당 등), 그 증감경향이 정상형과 상반되는 것(핵산태린, 환원당, 비환원당 등)도 있다. 10. 정상형의 경우, 품종 및 파종기이동에도 불구하고 유수에서도 엽신에서도 물질대사(질소 및 인산화합물, 탄수화물)의 변동은 동일한 경향, 동일한 양상을 보이고 있다.