This study investigated the effects of myofascial release therapy and massage on upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in 60 female and male individuals employed at casinos between the ages of 20-49. Subjects were divided into three groups: a myofascial release therapy group (n=20), a massage group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Each intervention lasted 15 minutes and was performed 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain was significantly decreased after the application of myofascial release therapy and massage (p<.05), however slightly increased in the control group, and myofascial release therapy reduced pain a little more than massage. Sleep quality was also significantly increased by myofascial release and mass (p<.05), however only slightly in the control group. The findings of this study suggest that myofascial release therapy and massage are effective in improving upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in casino employees.

This study was carried out to investigate the difference of growth characteristics, yield and extract content between upland and paddy ginseng cultured with 4­year-old ginseng in 2003. Although upland ginseng showed larger variation in yield than that of paddy ginseng, the average of it was greater than that of paddy ginseng because it showed better growth of aerial part and higher survival rate than that of paddy ginseng. Moisture content of fresh root was 71.8~%~;(68.5~~73.1~%),~;and~;72.7~%~;(70.2 ~~74.9~%) on average in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Paddy ginseng showed higher hardness in taproot, and higher rate of rusty colored root than that of upland ginseng. The ratio of taproot dry weight in upland ginseng was smaller than that of paddy ginseng, while that of lateral root was larger in upland ginseng. Ratio of marketable root (>60g) to total harvested roots was 13.7~%~;(0.82~~8.0~%)~;and~;7.7~%~;(1.6~~12.6~%) in upland and paddy ginseng, respectively. Extract content did not show distinct difference between upland and paddy ginseng, but it showed large variation from 16.1~;to~;25.1~% in taproot, and from 24.2~;to~;32.5~% in lateral root depanding on the ginseng field examined.