Volcano eruption can cause health problems in many way. For example, acid rain, gas & acid particle emissions, ash & tephra, lava flows, debris avalanches, and volcanogenic earthquakes can cause significant human health problems. In this presentation, the focus was made on the development and aggravation of disease that might be expected after the eruption of Mt. Baekdu. Especially, the effect of volcanic ashes on human health was emphasizing since it is expected that the most health problems in South Korea caused by the eruption of Mt. Baekdu comes from volcanic ashes. The possible disease expected after the eruption of Mt. Baekdu are as following: (a) asthma; (b) COPD: chronic obstructive lung disease; (c) conjuunctivitis; and (d) dermatologic disease. The relationship between volcanic ahses and each disease was discussed.