To evaluate alterations in fecal bacterial compositions in weaning piglets after supplementation with Phellodendron Cortex extract (PCE), piglets were allowed freely to consume feed containing 10 ppm of PCE for 7 weeks. During the feeding period, fecal samples were collected from individual piglets. A total of 578 valid sequence reads were generated from 40 fecal samples of normal piglets before supplementation with PCE. Fifteen classes were identified. Approximately 90% of classifiable sequences belonged to Clostridia and Bacilli classes. The abundance of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was determined based on the results of the sequencing. The supplementation with 10 ppm PCE for 3 weeks increased the numbers of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. whereas seven weeks of supplementation with PCE reduced their abundance. In vitro, PCE inhibited the growth of E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis in a dose-dependent manner.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is present in many vegetables and fruits, but not in dairy products. GABA is known to be beneficial for preventing neurological disorders and hypertension. The objective of this study was to measure the physicochemical changes, number of lactic acid bacteria, and GABA content in fermented goat milk containing rice (1%). The levels of pH and titratable acidity (TA) in each test samples were found to be pH 4.4∼4.5 and 0.74∼0.8%, respectively. The number of viable lactic acid bacteria between test samples ranged from 8.63 to 8.95 Log CFU/ml. Therefore, pH, TA, and number of viable cells in each test sample had no difference. Furthermore, the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SP5 (Lb. bulgaricus SP5) showed the highest GABA production in goat milk containing rice. Its maximum GABA yield was 3.4 mg/100 mL. The results suggest that GABA contents of fermented goat milk containing rice can be enriched using Lb. bulgaricus SP5.