Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor originating from the salivary gland. The gradation of MEC is determined histologically based on cellular composition, with high-grade MEC presenting with distinct characteristics and clinical implications. A 56-year-old male presented with a 3-month history of right facial swelling and a recent onset of pain. A subsequent biopsy confirmed a malignant epithelial tumor, with further imaging assisting in determining the surgical approach. Comprehensive surgery, involving the removal of the right submandibular gland and reconstructive procedures, was undertaken. Histopathological evaluation post-surgery confirmed a high-grade MEC. The differentiation between inflammatory conditions and neoplastic lesions in the orofacial region can be challenging. The gradation of MEC is important in guiding therapeutic decisions. Among various classification systems, the Brandwein system offers detailed histopathological criteria that correlate reliably with clinical features. High-grade MECs, although less frequent, are aggressive and have a lower 5-year survival rate. Accurate histopathological diagnosis is crucial in devising an effective treatment plan. The presented case underlines the importance of a meticulous yet periodic follow-up, considering the aggressive nature of high-grade MECs.

According to the classification of World Health Organization, primary adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract can be initially classified as salivary and non-salivary types. The latter are further divided into intestinal and non-intestinal types. Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma(ITAC) is rare adenocarcinoma subtype, which is closely occupational exposure to hardwood dusts, leather. In this study, we present a case of ITAC in a 68-year-old man. We successfully treated with wide excision and soft tissue reconstruction with free anterolateral thigh flap.

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is an indolent, superficial lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs in either iatrogenic or age-associated immunocompromised patients with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although EBVMCU is histologically similar with other lymphoproliferative disorders, such as EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, the diseases are classified as distinct entities by the World Health Organization with different clinical manifestations, prognosis, and genetic profiles. EBVMCU commonly shows spontaneous regression by conservative management, reduction or cessation of immunosuppressive treatment, but local progression is possible. Complete remission of disease can be achieved with combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and local radiation therapy. Herein, we report 2 cases of oral superficial lymphoproliferative disorders arising adjacent to the gnathic bone with striking differences in prognosis and bone involvement. One of the cases induced extensive osteomyelitis in the underlying bone. Furthermore, we discussed the differential diagnosis of EBVMCU and reviewed the former literature.

Plunging ranula is a mucous retention cyst with extension below to the mylohyoid muscle. It can occur by an extravasation of saliva from the salivary gland due to trauma or obstruction of the duct. Fluid from the obstructed gland penetrate through the defect of mylohyoid muscle or through the posterior edge of mylohyoid muscle, and spreading to the cervical area. The “tail sign” has been widely reported as pathognomonic for their diagnosis. It indicates the communication between the collapsed sublingual and submandibular space over the posterior edge of the mylohyoid muscle. In this case, in addition to simple ranula in the right floor of mouth, MRI findings showed homogeneous contrast enhancement in front of the right cervical carotid artery and in the deep part of sternocleidomastoid muscle, but tail sign was not observed. Therefore it was clinically diagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst and was removed through surgical procedure. As a result of the final pathologic biopsy, the lesion, which has been suggested to be simple ranula in the floor of mouth, was diagnosed as reactive pyogenic granuloma, and the cervical lesion was diagnosed as a plunging ranula. This is a case report in which these two lesions are decided to have been separated from one before surgery. This report indicate that plunging ranula can be observed without tail sign and how to make an accurate diagnosis of plunging ranula by reporting misdiagnosis case.

Mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that can be found in the oral cavity. The fungus usually affects the immunocompromised patients and tends to invade and block blood vessels, resulting in significant tissue necrosis and invasive mucormycosis. However, a non-invasive form of mucormycosis is mostly asymptomatic and found accidentally in the immunocompetent normal hosts, manifested by localized overgrowth of the fungus. Here, we report a rare case of asymptomatic non-invasive mucormycosis of the mandible that was incidentally diagnosed in wide resection specimen of liver transplant patient who had previously underwent surgery of excision and simultaneous alloplastic bone graft due to mandibular ameloblastoma. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed that there was neither vasculitis nor tissue necrosis, but numerous fungal hyphae were located only within the alloplastic graft materials in decalcified tissue sections. Awareness of the possibility of life-threatening mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients should be emphasized because it can be inactive or reactivated depending on the immune state of patients.

Lingual cyst is a clinical term indicating a cyst occurring within the tongue. Various disease may clinically present as a lingual cyst, such as foregut cyst, dermoid cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, salivary duct cyst, hemangioma and ranula. In general, lingual cysts are asymptomatic but may cause airway obstruction, feeding or swallowing problems. Most of these lesions can be simply treated by surgical excision with good postoperative healing and low recurrence rate. Apart from that, histopathological diagnosis of the lesion is important because it means the origin of the lesion. Thus it is important to rule out several origins of lingual cyst histopathologically, because it might be related with adjacent anatomical structure or may indicate cysts on other sites. Herein, we reported a case of lingual cyst with columnar epithelium at the ventral tongue of a 46-year old man and reviewed the clinical and histopathological considerations required for further classification in lingual cysts.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is aggressive compared to other odontogenic cysts, but its malignant transformation is extremely rare. Odontogenic carcinoma may arise from an odontogenic cyst such as OKC. Here in, we introduce a case of odontogenic carcinoma assumed to have arisen from a preexisting OKC. Abnormal clinical and radiologic features seen in a previous or existing cyst may be warning signs of malignant transformation.

Cervical neck dissection is a frequent technique during treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Occasionally, specimens harvested as cervical lymph nodes reveal thyroid tissue and need differentiation with metastatic thyroid cancer and ectopic thyroid tissue. Here, we report a case of an ectopic thyroid tissue with lymphocytic thyroiditis mimicking thyroid cancer metastasis at the cervical lymph node.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is an extremely rare malignant odontogenic tumor characterized with benign ameloblastic cells islands and malignant mesenchymal component. While two-thirds of AFS seem to arise de novo, but one-third develops from recurrent ameloblastic fibroma (AF) or ameloblastic fibro-odontomas (AFO). Pathological distinction of malignant transformation is essential for appropriate treatment. The patient was a 28 years old man. Since the primary tumor was excised, the mass recurred 2 years later. The recurrent tumor was diagnosed as AFS. Chief complaint was pain in the right mandible. Computer tomography finding revealed multilocular intrabony lesion with radiopaque substance in the primary lesion. In the recurrent lesion cortical bone destruction was found. Microscopically, both the primary and recurrent lesions showed benign ameloblastic follicles with myxoid or highly cellular mesenchymal proliferation. The histological difference between primary and recurrent lesions were that foci of dental hard tissue composed of enamel and dentin were found only in the primary lesion, whereas nuclear pleomorphism was aggrevated in the recurrent lesion. The histological criteria determining malignancy were discussed.

Primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) associated with dental osseointegrated implants is very rare. We experienced two patients who had received dental implant surgery before they were diagnosed with OSCC. We report these cases to emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis of malignant lesions associated with dental implants. Additionally, we also suggest that bone graft materials around implants can serve as a potential inducer of invasiveness in cancer cells.

Lentinus edodes is a popular edible mushroom in South-East Asia. This study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of L. edodes extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and ferrous chelating abilities. In addition to this, phenolic acid and flavonoids contents were also analyzed. Methanolic extract of L. edodes showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to others extracts. At 8 mg/ml, hot water extract showed a high reducing power of 0.96. The scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, acetonic extract was effective than other extracts. The strongest chelating effect (86.45%) was obtained from the acetonic extract at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies of L. edodes were increased with the increasing concentration. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, four phenolic compounds namely, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin were identified from acetonic extract. Tyrosinase inhibition of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of L. edodes were increased with the increasing of concentration. Results revealed that acetonic and methanolic extracts showed good, while hot water showed moderate activities of the tyrosinase inhibition at the concentration tested. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of L. edodes can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

Sanglog', a new covered barley cultivar resistant to powdery mildew and barley yellow m osaic virus (BaYMV) was developed by the barley breeding team of the National Crop Experim ent Station (NCES), RDA in 1999. This variety was derived from a cross betwe