The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of joint mobilization and manual stretching exercises in patients with hallux valgus. Twenty-three participants were divided into two groups; joint mobilization (n=11) and manual stretching exercises (n=12). The subjects participated in the experiment for 15minutes, three times a week, four weeks. The joint mobilization (Grade III, Maitland) was performed to experimental group for a minute and then rested for 10 seconds for each set. The manual stretching was performed to control group with three exercise session (preparatory and finishing exercises, agonist contraction exercises, agonist contraction and hold-relax exercises). In the results of the study, intragroup comparison of the deformity angles (DA) was shown to decrease from 15.18° to 13.09° in the joint mobilization group (p<.05) and from 19.00° to 16.83° in the stretching exercises group (p<.05). However, left static foot pressure (LSFP), right static foot pressure (RSFP), left dynamic foot pressure (LDFP) and right dynamic foot pressure (RDFP) did not significantly increase or decrease after the experiment. Intergroup differences also were not statistically significant in all variables (p>.05). The current study suggests that JM and MSE are effective in decreasing the DA in patients with hallux valgus.

간내 육종양 담관암은 간내 담관암의 비교적 드문 변이형으로 간내 증식 및 전이 혈관 침범 등이 흔해 예후가 불량하다 고 알려져 있다. 따라서 완치를 위해서는 조기진단과 적극적인 치료가 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 저자들은 영상학적 검사와 간생검을 하였지만 임상 진단이 불충분하였던 간 병변을 수 술 후 병리조직검사를 통해 간내 육종양 담관암으로 확진한 증례를 경험하였기에 보고한다. 기존에 보고되었던 증례들과 달리, 초기 병기로 확인되어 비교적 좋은 예후가 기대되는 바 이다.