The New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) is a 1-meter vacuum solar telescope that aims to observe the ne structures of active regions on the Sun. The main tasks of the NVST are high resolution imaging and spectral observations, including the measurements of the solar magnetic eld. The NVST has been collecting more than 20 million FITS les since it began routine observations in 2012 and produces a maximum observational records of 120 thousand les in a day. Given the large amount of les, the effective archiving and retrieval of les becomes a critical and urgent problem. In this study, we implement a new data archiving system for the NVST based on the Fastbit Not Only Structured Query Language (NoSQL) database. Comparing to the relational database (i.e., MySQL; My Structured Query Language), the Fastbit database manifests distinctive advantages on indexing and querying performance. In a large scale database of 40 million records, the multi-eld combined query response time of Fastbit database is about 15 times faster and fully meets the requirements of the NVST. Our study brings a new idea for massive astronomical data archiving and would contribute to the design of data management systems for other astronomical telescopes.