The fringe tree, Chionanthus retusus (Oleaceae) has been used as a natural remedy that helps a paralytic stroke, dementia, phlegm and malaria. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of water extracts obtained from the flesh of C. retusus by reflux extraction at room temperature and 80℃, and pressure heating extraction at 110℃, for an increment of their practical use. The highest extraction yield from the flesh of C. retusus was 67.94% extract by pressure heating extraction at 110℃. The content of total polyphenol compounds was the highest by 72.71 mg/g in 80℃ extract by reflux extraction. The highest content of total flavonoid compounds was 7.60 mg/g at 110℃ extract. The results of soluble protein and reducing sugar contents showed the highest content of 4.93 mg/g and 46.77 mg/g in 110℃ extract, respectively. In the analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all extracts showed an excellent effect of 92% in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The highest effect of ABTS radical scavenging activity was 88.67% at 110℃ extraction in 1.0 mg/mL concentration. Nitrite scavenging ability was the highest as 66.16% at 110℃ extract at pH 1.2 and 1.0 mg/mL concentration. The results of SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities showed the highest effect of 14.95% and 59.45% at 110℃ extract in 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition activity for whitening effect was the highest of 35.31% at 85℃ in 1.0 mg/mL. In the analysis of anti-aging effect, collagenase and elastase inhibition activity showed the highest effects of 37.78% at 110℃ and 20.39% at 80℃, respectively. All results of antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects increased along with the concentration increases. These results indicated that the extracts extracted from the flesh of C. retusus at 80℃ and 110℃ have a large amount of useful ingredients, an excellent antioxidant activity, like as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and anti-aging effects to develop functional products than those of 25℃.

본 연구는 식품, 화장품 및 의약품 소재로 활용 가능성에 대해 알아보고자 우산나물 뿌리와 지상부에 대한 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 우산나물 뿌리 열수 추출물(RHW)은 4.58 mg/g의 플라보노이드와 59.11 mg/g의 폴리페놀 화합물을 함유하였으며, 지상부 열수 추출물(APHW)은 각각 2.79 mg/g과 48.01 mg/g을 함유하였다. SOD 유사활성능은 RHW에서 23.74%, APHW는 21.61%를 나타내었다. 아질산염 소거능은 2,000 μg/mL에서 RHW는 pH 1.2에서 63.06%였으며, pH 3.0에서는 47.16%로 아질산염을 50% 소거하는 IC50은 ascorbic acid 99.93 ug/mL, RHW 1,150.85 μg/mL, 그리고 APHW에서는 1,610.25 μg/mL이었다. DPPH free radical 소거능에 대한 IC50은 RHW 99.87 μg/mL, APHW 118.29 μg/mL를 나타내었다. Xanthine oxidase에 대한 IC50은 RHW에서 139.62 μg/mL였으며, APHW는 111.11 μg/mL으로 xanthine oxidase 저해능은 우산나물 지상부의 열수 추출물인 APHW가 뿌리 열수 추출물인 RHW보다 좀더 낮은 농도에서 50%의 활성을 나타내었으나, 플라보노이드와 폴리페놀 화합물 함량, SOD 유사활성, 아질산염 소거 및 DPPH free radical 소거능은 RHW가 APHW보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 우산나물은 기능성 식품과 화장품 그리고 의약품 개발을 위한 항산화 소재로 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In the present study, the proximate composition, sugar, minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and amino acids in Calystegia japonica (C. japonica) were measured to determine if it can be used as a nutritional and functional material for the development of valuable foods. The mean crude protein, fat, and ash contents of the leaves were 5.75, 2.46, and 7.77%, respectively. The soluble-protein contents of the leaves and roots were 146.78 and 33.67 mg%, respectively. The reducing-sugar and free-sugar contents of the leaves were 682.70 and 166.00 mg%, respectively, and those of the roots were 2,934.89 and 37.70 mg%. The mineral content of the leaves was 3,122.13 mg%, and that of the roots was 1,540.85 mg%. The three elements Ca, K, and Mg were very rich in all their parts, with minerals accounting for 96-99% of their total mineral contents. The total phenolic compound of the leaves was 3,028.89 mg%, and the total flavonoid compound was 382.67 mg%. The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the leaves were more than 7.6 times those in the roots. The free-amino acid levels in the leaves and roots were 2,467.15 and 1,334.81 mg%, respectively. The results of the comparison of the leaves and roots of C. japonica showed that the leaves had a rich proximate composition consisting of minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and amino acid. This suggests that C. japonica leaves are potentially useful sources of functional and favorite foods and nutraceuticals.