The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of two different feeding systems on blood metabolites in Holstein heifers and analyze the economic impacts of the feeding systems. The following two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding system on blood metabolite changes in Holstein heifers and analyze the economic impacts of the two systems. In experiment 1, the effects of two different feeding systems on cortisol, progesterone, and estradiol in Holstein heifers were examined. In experiment 2, the effects of two different feeding systems on the body weights of Holstein heifers and profitability of the two feeding systems were studied. Results showed that the pasture-raised heifers showed significantly decrease in the levels of blood cortisol (p<0.05) and increases in the levels of progesterone and estradiol (p>0.05) when compared with heifers raised in indoor feeding system. The average daily gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) in indoor-raised heifers (0.73 kg/day) as compared to pasture-raised heifers (0.58 kg/day). Also, 25.2% more profits were obtained from the pasture feeding system as compared to the indoor feeding system. These results together would be useful in the investigation of feeding system and growth performance in dairy cattle.

Background: Purple potato contain sufficient phenolic compound and flavonoid which has high antioxidant capacity. Due to poor water solubility of phenolic compounds and quick oxidation of anthocyanin, we could not get maximum health benefits from purple potato. Therefore, we developed surfactant based aqueous nano suspension to enhance the solubility of phenolic compounds and protect the oxidation of anthocyanin from purple potato. Methods and Results: Two types of surfactant were used in this experiment based on hydrophilic-lycophilic balance viz. Brij and Span. In our study, lycophilic surfactant showed highest efficiency in TP extraction compared to water and lipophilic surfactant below 10 mM concentration. On the other hand, lipophilic surfactant showed highest efficiency in extracting flavonoid content. Conclusion: It is concluded that hydrophilic surfactant was significantly increased phenolic compounds five times, and lipophilic surfactant increased flavonoid two times, and anthocyanin three times compared to control. Therefore, total antioxidant capacity was increases two times compared to control.