A teaching manual was developed to incorporate the creative problem solving process into a fashion marking course. Students’ creativity, problem solving, critical thinking, and analytical thinking are promoted by applying the creative problem solving process systematically to solve authentic business problems experienced by local apparel business owners. This teaching manual is based on the FourSight Model that consists of Clarify, Ideate, Develop, and Implement. Various tools promoting divergent thinking are also utilized in the process. A local fashion business is invited as a problem owner and four resource groups are formed with students based on the results of the Kirton Adaption Innovation Inventory. Each resource group consists of 6-8 students. The creative problem solving process is implemented into a classroom setting as four 75-minutes sessions that are held twice a week for two consecutive weeks. The local fashion business owner will be in presence during the first (Clarify) and last (Implement) sessions. The instructor facilitator meets with the problem owner outside the classroom three times including pre-session client interview, after the second (Ideate) session, and before the third (Develop) session. This modified CPS manual for fashion marketing and merchandising courses provides practical guidelines to work with local fashion businesses while providing students with learning opportunities of the creative problem solving process.

In South Korea, Jeju Island has a role as a test bed for electric vehicles (EVs). All conventional cars on the island are supposed to be replaced with EVs by 2030. Accordingly, how to effectively set up EV charging stations (EVCSs) that can charge EVs is an urgent research issue. In this paper, we present a case study on planning the locations of EVCS for Jeju Island, South Korea. The objective is to determine where EVCSs to be installed so as to balance the load of EVCSs while satisfying demands. For a public service with EVCSs by some government or non-profit organization, load balancing between EVCS locations may be one of major measures to evaluate or publicize the associated service network. Nevertheless, this measure has not been receiving much attention in the related literature. Thus, we consider the measure as a constraint and an objective in a mixed integer programming model. The model also considers the maximum allowed distance that drivers would detour to recharge their EV instead of using the shortest path to their destination. To solve the problem effectively, we develop a heuristic algorithm. With the proposed heuristic algorithm, a variety of numerical analysis is conducted to identify effects of the maximum allowed detour distance and the tightness of budget for installing EVCSs. From the analysis, we discuss the effects and draw practical implications.

The purpose of this study was to explore the nine components of computational thinking (CT) practices and their operational definitions from the view of science education and to develop a CT practice framework that is going to be used as a planning and assessing tool for CT practice, as it is required for students to equip with in order to become creative problem solvers in 21st century. We employed this framework into the earlier developed STEAM programs to see how it was valid and reliable. We first reviewed theoretical articles about CT from computer science and technology education field. We then proposed 9 components of CT as defined in technology education but modified operational definitions in each component from the perspective of science education. This preliminary CTPF (computational thinking practice framework) from the viewpoint of science education consisting of 9 components including data collection, data analysis, data representation, decomposing, abstraction, algorithm and procedures, automation, simulation, and parallelization. We discussed each component with operational definition to check if those components were useful in and applicable for science programs. We employed this CTPF into two different topics of STEAM programs to see if those components were observable with operational definitions. The profile of CT components within the selected STEAM programs for this study showed one sequential spectrum covering from data collection to simulation as the grade level went higher. The first three data related CT components were dominating at elementary level, all components of CT except parallelization were found at middle school level, and finally more frequencies in every component of CT except parallelization were also found at high school level than middle school level. On the basis of the result of CT usage in STEAM programs, we included ‘generalization’ in CTPF of science education instead of ‘parallelization’ which was not found. The implication about teacher education was made based on the CTPF in terms of science education.

본 연구는 통합공정일정계획(Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling; IPPS)의 최적화를 위한 계산 효율성이 높은 탐욕적 휴리스틱과 유전알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm; GA)을 결합한 하이브리드형 유전 알고리즘을 제안한다. IPPS는 기존의 공정계획과 일정계획을 동시에 풀고자 하는 NP-Hard 문제이다. 특히, 본 연구에서 다루는 IPPS는 tool related constraints가 포함된 것으로서 전통적인 GA는 수행도중 infeasible schedule을 빈번히 발생시킨다. 제안하는 방법의 아이디어는 전체적인 schedule의 구조에 영향을 미치는 operation의 sequence와 machine의 결정은 GA의 procedure를 따르고, 목적함수의 부분계산이 가능한 tool과 Tool Access Direction(TAD)는 greedy heuristics을 통하여 infeasibility를 해소하자는 것이다. 이를 통하여 계산시간의 급격한 증가 없이 또는 기존에 비해 계산시간을 감소시키면서 좋은 품질의 해를 구할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 알고리즘은 benchmark problems을 이용하여 성능을 평가한다.

본 연구는 일 대학 간호학과 4학년을 대상으로 문제해결능력, 간호사 이미지, 리더십 정도를 살펴보고, 간호관리 실습 전후 문제해결능력, 간호사 이미지, 리더십의 변화에 대해 알아보기 위해 시행 된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 대상자는 일 지역 소재 간호학과에 재학 중인 4학생 60명으로 자료수집은 2014년 8월 1일 부터 8월 29일 까지 진행되었다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS/WIN 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t 검정, 일원분산분석을 하였다. 연구결과 간호학과 지원동기는 ‘취업용이’가 가장 많았고, 간호사 이미지 형성에 영향을 준 요소는 ‘임상실습시 간호사 모습’이 가장 많았으며 전공만 족도는 ‘보통’ 이상이 83.4%였다. 간호사 이미지는 간호사 친척 유무 및 간호학 전공 만족도에 따라 차이가 있었고, 리더십은 간호학과 지원동기, 간호학 전공 만족도, 성격에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 문제해결 능력은 간호사 친척 유무 및 성격에 따라 차이가 있었다. 실습 전 간호대학생의 문제해결능력은 3.32점, 간호사 이미지는 3.41점, 리더십은 3.62점이었고, 실습 후 문제해결능력(t=-2.15, p=.03), 간호사 이미지 (t=-2.67, p=.01), 리더십(t=-2.20, p=.03)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 간호학 실습 교육에 활용할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

Quantum-inspired Genetic Algorithm (QGA) is a probabilistic search optimization method combined quantum computation and genetic algorithm. In QGA, the chromosomes are encoded by qubits and are updated by quantum rotation gates, which can achieve a genetic search. Asset-based weapon target assignment (WTA) problem can be described as an optimization problem in which the defenders assign the weapons to hostile targets in order to maximize the value of a group of surviving assets threatened by the targets. It has already been proven that the WTA problem is NP-complete. In this study, we propose a QGA and a hybrid-QGA to solve an asset-based WTA problem. In the proposed QGA, a set of probabilistic superposition of qubits are coded and collapsed into a target number. Q-gate updating strategy is also used for search guidance. The hybrid-QGA is generated by incorporating both the random search capability of QGA and the evolution capability of genetic algorithm (GA). To observe the performance of each algorithm, we construct three synthetic WTA problems and check how each algorithm works on them. Simulation results show that all of the algorithm have good quality of solutions. Since the difference among mean resulting value is within 2%, we run the nonparametric pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test for testing the equality of the means among the results. The Wilcoxon test reveals that GA has better quality than the others. In contrast, the simulation results indicate that hybrid-QGA and QGA is much faster than GA for the production of the same number of generations.

최근 로봇기술과 인공지능의 급속한 발전과 사물인터넷, 빅데이터, 모 바일 등 정보통신기술의 접목은 제4차 산업혁명의 원동력으로 작용하고 새로운 정보사회의 도래를 촉진하고 있다. 스스로 사고하고 행동하는 로 봇의 등장은 사회의 여러 분야에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있으며, 법학에 도 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다. 로봇기술의 질적 혁신이 가지는 양가적 인 측면에 따라 이를 규율하기 위한 법제도 도입을 필요로 하게 된다. 그리고 소비자는 로봇의 사용자로서 로봇에 관한 법제에서 핵심적인 주 체이기 때문에 소비자 관점을 반영한 법제적 대응이 필요할 것이다. 이에 따라, 본 논문은 소비자관점을 반영하여 로봇과 로봇기술의 발전 에 따른 사회적 영향, 로봇에 관한 규제의 필요성, 로봇규제에 따른 법적 쟁점을 다루고자 한다. 이런 목적을 위해 본 논문에선 미국, EU, 일본의 로봇관련 법제도 현황을 조사하고 각 국의 법제적 대응 흐름을 파악한 다. 또한, 이를 통해 로봇이 활용되는 분야 및 규제와 관련한 주요한 법 적 쟁점을 인식하고 우리 법제상 시사점과 현재 논의되고 있는 “로봇기 본법안”의 검토를 위한 밑거름으로 삼는다. 첫 번째 장에서는 로봇의 개념과 로봇규제의 쟁점을 다룬다. 로봇의 개념정의에 대한 다양한 관점을 다루고 로봇의 사회적 영향과 규제의 필 요성, 로봇 규제에 있어서 중요한 법적 쟁점을 조사·분석한다. 두 번째 장에서는 로봇관련 국내외 법제적 대응 동향을 다룬다. 미국, 일본, 유럽 연합의 로봇관련 법제의 현황과 대응 추세를 조사·분석한다. 특히 유럽 의회가 최근 채택한 로봇에 관한 결의안의 주요 내용을 고찰하여, 향후 유럽연합의 로봇관련 법제의 지향점을 찾아보고자 한다. 세 번째 장에서 는 현재 국회에서 발의되어 있는 “로봇기본법안”의 주요 내용을 정리하 고 소비자 관련 쟁점을 분석·검토한다. 분석 대상은 ‘로봇의 개념’, ‘로 봇윤리규범과 소비자’, ‘로봇등록제도와 로봇이용자 보호’, ‘로봇에 따라 발생한 손해의 배상 문제’이다. 이 중 로봇에 따라 발생한 손해의 배상문 제는 소비자보호의 핵심쟁점으로서 법안의 내용 및 체계정합성 검토와 함께 로봇의 결함이 없이 발생한 손해의 전보문제도 논의한다. 마지막으로는 로봇법제의 첫 걸음으로서 로봇기본법안의 의미를 살펴 보고 로봇기본법안의 문제점 검토의 의미를 정리한다.

최근 한국 사회는 반려견을 키우는 인구가 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 한국 사회의 주거환경 특성상 소형 견종을 반려하는 가정이 많은데, 시츄, 말티즈, 푸들 등이 이에 해당한다. 이들 견종은 흐르는 눈물 과다로 인한 문제를 겪는 대표적인 견종이다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 현재 시중에는 이미 다양한 제품이 나와 있으나 그중 몇 가지 제품에서 타일로신이 발견되어 논란이 되었다. 타일로신은 설사 위장장애 등의 부작용을 야기하여 수의사의 처방이 필요한 항생제이다. 이 때문에 한약재(Compound A, Compound B)을 활용하여 부작용이 없는 안전한 보조제를 개발하고자 한다. 실험에 참여하는 반려견의 몸무게에 비례하여 2주간 보조제를 복용하고 눈물검사키트를 사용하여 전과 후를 비교하고 육안으로 확인되는 변화를 관찰한다. 실험 결과 전체적으로 흐르는 눈물의 양이 감소하였고, 부가적으로 발견한 효과로 눈물양이 부족하거나 과다한 반려견의 눈물양이 정상화된 것을 발견할 수 있었다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a problem-based simulation education program on nursing student’s academic achievement, academic efficacy, and clinical performance skills. Methods: This study examined a group of nursing students using the pretest-posttest test design. Second year pediatric nursing students studying the practical subject Integrated Simulation at S University in K region were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire before and after using a problem-based simulation education program. In addition to using SPSS/WIN 21.0 for descriptive analysis, the data was analyzed using independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson- correlation. Results: After completing the simulation education program, participants showed statistically higher academic achievement (t = -5.795, p < .001) and clinical performance skills (t = -3.835, p = <.001) than before. However, there was no significant difference in academic efficacy score(t=-.217, p=.829). Conclusion: The results from this study indicate that lessons with various methods and content should be developed to –evaluate both theoretical knowledge and clinical performance skills. In addition, there is a need to develop a standard evaluation.

In the painting process of automotive factory, color changeover cost is incurred every time the color of vehicle is changed. To solve this problem, automotive company usually uses storage space such as Selectivity Banks(SB) or Car Rescheduling Storage and carries out sequence planning so that vehicles of the same color are consecutive, which is called Car Resequencing Problem (CRP). So far, research works for CRP has focused on algorithms finding optimal or approximated optimal solutions under the condition that the number of vehicles is fixed in SB. However, these results cannot be directly applied to the actual automotive paint shops since they have continuous flows of cars into SB to be handled in a day. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient cyclic scheduling method that starts the painting process using the result of Accelerated Dynamic Programming (ADP) and then reapplies the ADP to the vehicles in SB for renewing the painting schedule whenever a certain number of vehicles is painted, represented as a threshold. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed a numerical experiment by designing system configurations, based onthe actual vehicle painting process, and proposed a good threshold that can reduce overall color changeover cost.

This research focuses on a scheduling problem in the semiconductor probing facility. Probing facility is composed of identical parallel machines and the parallel machines form three workstations for the tests with different recipes. Each machine can be set to three different tests and sequence-dependent setup times are required between operations due to temperature and probe card loading/unloading. Precedence relationship exists between three tests of each wafer lot. The scheduling problem for the probing facility is a parallel machine scheduling problem with precedence relationship and sequence dependent setup time. We develop heuristic algorithm to minimize makespan for the scheduling problem and numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance.

As a non-parametric data mining method, decision tree classification has performed well in many applications. The complexity of the model increases as the decision tree algorithm proceeds to grow the decision tree as the rule of decision making. While the increase of the complexity enhances the accuracy, it degrades the generalization which predicts the unseen data. This phenomenon is called as overfitting. To avoid the overfitting, pruning has been introduced. Pruning enables to make the generalization better, reduces the complexity, and avoids the overfitting. Although various pruning methods have been proposed, selecting the best pruning methods or making balance between complexity and generalization with pruning is not a simple problem. In this paper, we explore the methods of pruning and analyze them to suggest the optimal approach for applications.

차량-궤도 구조물 동적 상호작용해석은 차량의 접촉점이 보요소로 모형화된 레일 위를 일정한 속도로 주행하는 미끄러지 는 접촉문제로 취급하였다. 하지만 Euler 보와 같은 고차 다항식의 형상함수가 적용된 유한요소를 사용할 경우 미끄러지는 접촉문제에서 적합조건을 만족하지 못한다. 이 연구에서는 유한요소해석프로그램이 미끄러지는 접촉문제에서의 적합조건을 만족시키지 못하는 것에 대한 해결법으로 주행로를 이루는 보요소를 보다 세분화하여 동적상호작용해석에서의 정확성을 확 보하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 간단한 예제들을 통해 주행로를 이루는 보요소의 세분화 정도에 따른 동적상호작용해석의 거동 을 분석하였으며, 해석 프로그램의 동적상호작용해석에의 적용성을 평가하였다. 마지막으로 사각을 갖는 철도 암거 접속부 의 뒷채움재 설치 형식에 따른 차량주행시의 거동을 평가하기 위하여 동적상호작용해석을 수행하고, 접속부 뒷채움재 형식 의 변경에 따른 지지강성의 변화에 의한 영향과 노반침하에 따른 궤도틀림의 영향을 비교분석하였다.

Cyst nematodes are well known to cause serious yield losses in many important crops producing in Korea such assoybeans and Chinese cabbage. Recently, a new cyst nematode Heterodera trifolii has been recorded in the highland vegetablesgrowing area occurring severe yield losses. As a newly recorded pest, the severity of the nematode is still not clear tomost of the farmers. Identification of this nematode is another big issue as the nematode existed in the field with Heteroderaschachtii. Recent reports revealed that the pest is steadily spreading within the highland areas and has a huge possibilityto spread over Korea. Therefore, it is the high time to set a monitoring or warning systems and test more feasible managementstrategies to prevent the dispersal of this nematode.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simulation training using video debriefing on the self-efficacy, problem solving ability, and learning satisfaction of nursing students. Method: The study design was control group pre-and post-test non-synchronized experimental design. The sample included two teams of 138 nursing students. The experimental group provided feedback after the simulation was run, and then the team was debriefed through the video recorded video in the debriefing room, and the control group performed the oral debriefing. This study was conducted from November 10, 2015 to December 10, 2015, using descriptive statistics, χ²-test and t-test. Results: The scores of the self-efficacy, problem- solving process performance, and learning satisfaction were higher than those of the group who received the video debriefing (experimental group) than those who received the oral debriefing training (control group). Conclusion: It has been found that debriefing using video in the simulation training has a positive effect on self-efficacy, ability to perform problem solving process and improvement of learning satisfaction, so it can be utilized as an effective teaching and learning strategy and also helps strengthen nursing capacity.