InP 기판위에 InP와 격자정합된 undoped-InGaAs에서 zine의 확산 특성을 Electrochemical Capacitance-Voltage 법(polaron)과 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(SIMS)로 조사하였다. Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)를 이용하여 undoped-InGaAs 층을 성장시켰으며 확산방법으로는 Zn3P2 확산원 박막과 Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA)를 이용하였다. 450-550˚C온도범위에서 30-300초 동안 확산을 수행한 결과 zinc의 확산계수는 D=Doexp(-δE/kT)의 특성을 만족하였으며, Do와 δE는 각각 1.3x105cm2/sec와 2.3eV였다. 얻어진 확산계수는 다른 확산방법을 이용한 값들에 비해 매우 큰 값인데, 이것은 RTA 처리시 빠른 온도 증가에 의한 확산원 박막, 보호막, 그리고 InGaAs 에피층이 가지는 열팽창계수의 차이로인한 응력의 효과에 의한 것으로 생각되며, 이를 sealed-ampoule 법을 사용한 경우의 확산특성과 비교를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

윤활제인 zinc stearate의 첨가량 (0~4wt%)을 변화시켜 UO2분말의 겉보기밀도, 성형시의 분말입자간 마찰과 입자/다이벽 마찰간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 소량의 윤활제 첨가시에는 UO2분말입자간 박막의 윤활제 도포층이 형성되어 겉보기밀도가 증가한 반면 다량의 윤활제를 첨가한 경우에는 UO2 분말입자에 두꺼운 윤활제 도포층이 형성되고 미혼합된 윤활제가 존재하여 겉보기밀도는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 윤활제를 첨가혼합한 상태에서 다이벽 윤활도포 유무에 따라 구한 UO2 성형체의 성형압력/성형밀도 자료로부터 분말입자간 마찰, 입자/다이벽 마찰 그리고 성형시 lubrication/inhibition등의 상대적 중요성을 조사하였다. 입자/다이벽 마찰에 의한 압력손실은 입자간 마찰에 의한 압력손실보다 크게 나타났다. 입자/다이벽 마찰에 의한 압력손실은 다이벽 윤활제 도포에 의해 최소화될 수 있지만 상대적으로 바람직하지 않은 성형시의 inhibition이 야기되는 것으로 나타났다.

ZnSo4ㆍ7H2O에 의한 모델폐수에서 Zn 농도 및 pH를 변화하여 역삼투 실험하였고, Zn용액의 pH에 따라 아연의 제거율은 상당히 변화하였고, pH 3.0~11.5 범위에서 실험한 바 pH 8.3일 때가 아연제거율은 99.9% 이상, 투과 속도는 1.49 × 10-3cm/sec로 가장 큰 값을 보였다. 아연모델폐수에 Cyanide를 아연농도와 동량으로 첨가하였을 때, 아연은 99%, Cyanide는 93% 정도 제거가 가능하였다. 또한 첨가제로 음이온계면활성제 등을 첨가하여 실험한 결과, Membrane에서의 투과속도가 0.76 × 10-3cm/sec로 현저히 감소하였다.

ZnO-Bi2O3-CoO-Sb2O3와 ZnO-Bi2O3-CoO-Sb2O3-Cr2O3계에서 미세구조 변화 및 전기적 특성에 미치는 개재물의 영향을 조사하였다. 소결동안에 ZnO입자 성장은 스피넬 입자들에 의해 제어되었으며, 스피넬 입자들의 양의 증가에 의해 입자성장은 감소하였다. Cr2O3(0.5mol%)의 첨가는 비직선성지수에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으며 임계전압(breakdown voltage)을 증가시켰다. 계산에 의해 구한 장벽전압은 ZnO-Bi2O3-CoO-Sb2O3와 ZnO-Bi2O3-CoO-Sb2O3-Cr2O3 계에서 각각 3.1V와 2.9V이었다.

본 실험은 장기간의 알코올 섭취가 수종의 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 랫트를 공시하여 4% 및 25% 알코올을 28일간 자유 섭취시킨 후 간, 신장, 근육 및 피모내의 Zn, Ca, Cu 및 Mg의 함량을 원자흡광분광광도법으로 측정하여 보았다. 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Zn 함량은 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한 (P<0.01) 감소를 나타내었으며 피모에 있어서는 4% 투여군에서 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 2. Ca 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 간, 신장 및 근육에서 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았으나 4% 투여군의 피모에서는 유의한(p<0.10) 증가를 나타내었다. 3. Cu 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다. 4. Mg 함량은 4% 및 25% 투여군의 근육에서만 유의한(P<0.10, P<0.05) 감소를 나타내었다.

Background : For the green approach of nanoparticles synthesizing, plant based technology has been considered as cost-effective and eco-friendly mass production. The oriental medicinal crop, Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Korean name: 음나무), the deciduous tree and a family of Araliaceae. Endemic tree of Asian countries, K. septemlobus being used for the treatment of various diseases. Phytochemicals of K. septemlobus such as polyphenols has highly probability of reducing agent for biosynthesizing nanoparticles. Methods and Results : In this study, we applied K. septemlobus ZnO nanoparticles (Ks-ZnO NPs) with procedures including green approach one-pot synthesis. For the characterization of nanoparticles, UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM were used. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles, the aurface plasmon resonance were observed at 372 ㎚ in UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of functional groups which as a capping agent and formation of ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed in FTIR result. The crystallization and morphology showed by XRD, TEM and SEM respectively. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles, was determined using Methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under UV irradiation (365 ㎚) which resulted rate constant is (−k) 0.1215 with 97.5% of degradation in 30 min. Conclusion : The result shows that phytochemicals in K. septemlobus extract have a potential as a reducing agent to form ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO NPs are capable to degrade MB with in brief time.

Background : Panos extract is a mixture of four Panax plant extracts namely Dendropanax morbifera, Panax ginseng, Acanthopanax senticosus and Kalopanax septemlobus. We intended to use Panos extract for ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) synthesis and application for waste water treatment. Methods and Results : In the present study, we have synthesized Panos ZnO nanoparticles via co precipitation method. Characterization of the NPs has been done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. An average of 75% efficacy in degrading the methylene blue dye has been observed. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Conclusion : The results shows that Panos ZnO NPs can be a potential eco-friendly and economical tool for waste water management in the current scenario where there an intense urge to remediate the polluted environment through novel approaches such as Nanobiotechnology.

Background : Among medicinal plant sources, Abeliophyllum distichum is widely used in traditional Korean medicine. we report on the synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide particles by both chemical and biological method. Highly stable and spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles are produced by using zinc nitrate and Abeliophyllum distichum leaf extract. Methods and Results : Zinc oxide (Ad-ZnONPs) nanoparticles synthesized from Abeliophyllum distichum at room temperature by aqueous extract of dried leaf and stem. The plant endemic in Korea alone and it is a monotypic flowering plant genus of olive family, Oleaceae. Catalytic and toxicity effect against human keratinocyte and adenocarcninomic human alveoloar. Ultra violet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, elemental mapping, X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were engaged to illustrate the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The Zn-AdNPs has the ability in catalytic action and the cytotoxicity agent against different cell lines as investigated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay Conclusion : The present studies reveals that facile approaching the biological synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by using the A. distichum leaf and stem extract, which is revealed that recyclable method. The method is well suited for the green synthesis and dual function molecule as reducing agent and stabilizing agent for synthesis of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles also showing promising biological activities.

Background : Zinc (Zn) is one of dietary micronutrients and it is second highest trace element in the body. Over 95% of Zn is located in the cells, but its dominant storage site is absent in the body. Deficiency of Zn may result in anorexia, dysgeusia, dysosmia, skin rash, infection, alopecia, growth failure, and impaired wound healing. Therefore, adequate supplementation of Zn is very important to maintain normal physiological conditions. Methods and Results : Zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4)-loaded nanocomposites (NCs) were fabricated by using a hot-melt extruder (HME) system. Soluplus (SP) was adopted as an amphiphilic polymer matrix for HME processing. The micro-size of ZnSO4 dispersion was reduced to nano-size by HME processing with the use of SP. ZnSO4 could be homogeneously dispersed in SP through HME processing. ZnSO4/SP NCs with a 75 ㎚ mean diameter, a 0.1 polydispersity index, and a -1 mV zeta potential value were prepared. The physicochemical properties of ZnSO4/SP NCs and the existence of SP in ZnSO4/SP NCs were further investigated by solid-state studies. Nano-size range of ZnSO4/SP NC dispersion was maintained in the simulated gastrointestinal environments (pH 1.2 and 6.8 media). No severe toxicity in intestinal epithelium after oral administration of ZnSO4/SP NCs (at 100 ㎎/㎏ dose of ZnSO4, single dosing) was observed in rats. Conclusion : These results imply that developed ZnSO4/SP NC can be used as a promising nano-sized zinc supplement formulation. In addition, developed HME technology can be widely applied to fabricate nano formulations of inorganic materials.

Carbonaceous material prepared from oriental cherry can be used for the adsorption of zinc ion from an aqueous solution. Parameters such as pH (4-11), temperature (293-333 K), mixing intensity (10-120 rpm) and contact time (0.5- 90 min) were studied. Increasing pH (99.6% at pH 11) and temperature (99.8% at 333 K) caused an increase in adsorption capacity. A pseudo-equilibrium state was reached within 1 min of contact time. Removal efficiency of zinc ion remained constant regardless of mixing intensity. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 3.541 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous with Gibb’s free-energy values ranging between -3.272 and -15.594 kJ/mol and endothermic with an enthalpy value of 86.984 kJ/mol. Therefore, carbonaceous material from oriental cherry was shown to have good potential for the adsorption of zinc ion.

This study investigates the coating deterioration of water-borne inorganic zine under marine environment. In order to evaluate the corrosion environment at installed site, the corrosion currents were measured by atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM) sensor. The deterioration grade of water-borne inorganic zine was investigated by visual inspection method depending on ASTM D610. The deterioration grade of structural member was compared based on corrosion environment such as wet time, amount of deposited salt etc.

세계 제강산업의 연간 생산량은 약 1,600만 톤이며 이 중 약 40%가 폐철을 원료로 하는 전기제강로(Electric Arc Furnace)에서 생산된다. 이 전기로에서 발생하는 전기로 제강분진(Electric Arc Furnace Dust)은 카드뮴, 납 등의 유해중금속을 포함하고 있어 지정폐기물로 분류되어 고비용으로 처리하고 있다. 반면 철, 아연 등 재활용가능 금속 또한 30~60% 정도로 다량 함유하고 있어 재활용 공정에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. EAFD는 원료의 특성 상 다양한 성상으로 존재하며, EAFD 내 원소의 광물학적 존재 형태에 따라 공정 변수가 달라진다. 따라서 최근은 EAFD 성상을 고려하여 아연과 철의 회수율을 높이는 다 단계 습식공정에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 전기로 제강분진 내 아연과 철의 분리 회수를 위한 다단계 공정 중 산 용출을 통해 아연을 회수한 후 남은 잔여물(residues)을 대상으로 자석을 이용하여 철 성분의 선택 분리 효과에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 아연 회수 후 잔여물의 철 함량을 높일 수 있다면 전기제강로로 재투입하여 제강원료로의 재사용이 가능하다. 자석분리 공정을 통하여 분리된 고체물질에는 고액비에 관계없이 85%의 철이 회수되는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반해 칼슘은 고액비에 영향을 받았으며 고액비(kg/L)가 20일 때 약 85%의 칼슘이 분리되었다. 또한 자석분리공정은 황산칼슘 및 황산납의 분리에도 효과적임을 확인하였다. 이 공정을 통해 아연 회수 후 분진 잔여물의 철 순도를 높여 전기제강로로 재투입하여 아연 회수 뿐 아니라 분진 중 철의 재활용 또한 가능하게 할 것으로 보인다.

Plant biomass, photosystem II (PSII) photochemical activity, photosynthetic function, and zinc (Zn) accumulation were investigated in a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) exposed to various Zn concentrations to determine the elimination capacity of Zn from soils. Plant growth and biomass of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid decreased with increasing Zn concentration. Symptoms of Zn toxicity, i.e., withering and discoloration of old leaves, were found at Zn concentrations over 800 ppm. PSII photochemical activity, as indicated by the values of Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo, decreased significantly three days after exposure to Zn concentrations of 800 ppm or more. Photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate (A) was high between Zn concentrations of 100-200 ppm (22.5 μmol CO2･m –2･s –1), but it declined as Zn concentration increased. At Zn concentrations of 800 and 1600 ppm, A was 14.1 and 1.8 μmol CO2･m –2･s –1, respectively. The patterns of stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE) were all similar to that of photosynthetic CO2 fixation rate, except for dark respiration (Rd), which showed an opposite pattern. Zn was accumulated in both above- and below-ground parts of plants, but was more in the below-ground parts. Magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly low in the leaves of plants, and symptoms of Mg or Fe deficiency, such as a decrease in the SPAD value, were found when plants were treated with Zn concentrations above 800 ppm. These results suggest that the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid is able to accumulate Zn to high level in plant body and eliminate it with its rapid growth and high biomass yield.

In this study the optimum conditions for recovery of valuable metal in Electric Arc Furnace Dusts were investigated. 2M of H2SO4, 1~5 of solid/liquid ratio, 0~180 min of leaching time has been established for leaching condition, and for electrowinning, each of Pt, C, Zn, Pb anode and Zn, Cu cathode was compared respectively at pH 2, 4 and 6. The result of elemental analysis of Zn crystal, a lagre quantity of Fe and H has been observed with Zn and other heavy metal, therefore, impurities removing process would be requir for enhancing purity of Zn. As the result, about 60% of Zn has been recovered under condition of 2 M of H2SO4, 1:2 of S/L ratio at 120 min, and Pt or Pb for anode, Zn for cathode has been shown the highest efficiency of electrowinning at pH 6.

however, these elements can limit plant growth. This study selected a heavy metal-tolerant plant by analyzing seed germination and biomass of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), canola (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nippo-oleifera), Chinese corn (Setaria italica), and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense), and determined heavy metal uptake capacity by analyzing biomass, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and heavy metal contents under high external copper or zinc levels. The seed germination rate and biomass of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid were higher under copper or zinc stress compared to the other three plants. The plant biomass and photosynthetic pigment contents of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid seedlings were less vulnerable under low levels of heavy metals (≤ 50 ppm copper or ≤ 400 ppm zinc). The maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the maximum primary yield of PSII (Fv/Fo) decreased with increasing copper or zinc levels. Under high copper levels, the decline in Fv/Fm was caused only by the decline in Fm, and was accompanied by an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The Fv/Fm declined under high levels of zinc due to both a decrease in the maximum fluorescence (Fm) and an increase in the initial fluorescence (Fo), and this was accompanied by a marked decrease in photochemical quenching (qP), but not by an increase in NPQ. Accumulations of copper and zinc were found in both aboveand below-ground parts of plants, but were greater in the below-ground parts. The uptake capacity of the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid for copper and zinc reached 4459.1 mg/kg under 400 ppm copper and 9028.5 mg/kg under 1600 ppm zinc. Our results indicate that the sorghum-sudangrass hybrid contributes to the in situ phytoremediation of copper or zinc polluted soils due to its high biomass yield.