국내 산림버섯은 1,670여 종이 보고되어 있으며, 그 중 식용이 가능한 버섯은 320여 종으로 알려져 있다. 충북 괴산군 청천면에 위치한 청천시장에서는 늦봄부터 늦가을까지 산에서 산주나 지역주민들이 직접 채취한 식용자연버섯을 판매하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 청천시장을 찾은 소비자 50명을 대상으로 식용 산림자연버섯에 대한 인지도 및 기호도를 조사하였다. 설문대상자 중 남성은 70%, 여성이 30%였으며 연령대는 60대(32%), 40대(24%), 50대(21%), 30대(2%)이었고, 직업은 자영업(46%), 전문직(24%), 주부(14%), 기타(16%)이였다. 거주하는 곳은 충북(76%), 충남(12%), 서울(6%), 대전(6%), 그 외 지역은 6% 이였다. 자연버섯의 기호도를 조사한 결과 식용자연버섯을 좋아하냐는 질문에, 좋아한다(78%), 보통이다(20%), 싫어한다(2%)라고 답하였고, 좋아하는 이유로는 건강에 도움이 될것 같아서(54%), 맛이 좋아서(42%)이며, 자연버섯을 싫어한다는 50명 중 1명은 맛이 없고 가격이 비싼 이유를 들었다. 자연버섯의 구매 횟수는 1년에 3회(30%), 사지 않는다(22%), 1년에 1회(20%), 한 달에 1회(16%), 일주일에 1회(12%) 순 이였고. 구매하지 않는 사람들은 가격이 비싸거나(10%), 좋아하지 않는다(8%)라고 답하였다. 구입 목적으로는 요리용(84%), 약용(6%)이며, 자연버섯에 대한 정보 수집은 주변사람에게 듣는다(68%), 매스컴- TV, 라디오, 신문잡지(18%), 문헌이나 홍보물(12%) 순 이였다. 자연버섯을 대중화 시키는데 필수사항으로는 가격 안정성(44%), 약용이나 식용으로써의 가치입증(24%)을 꼽았다. 자연버섯 인지도 조사 결과로는 잘 알고 있는 버섯으로 송이(98%), 능이(92%), 싸리버섯(92%), 영지버섯(90%), 상황버섯(92%), 뽕나무버섯(58%)를 꼽았으며, 잘 모르는 버섯으로는 암회색광대버섯(88%), 회색깔때기버섯(80%), 으뜸끈적버섯(80%), 만가닥버섯(74%), 까치버섯(68%), 흰굴뚝버섯(64%), 흰가시광대버섯(60%), 민자주방망이(58%), 꾀꼬리버섯(56%), 외대덧버섯(52%), 다색벗꽃버섯(52%) 순 이였다. 이번 조사는 자연버섯시장을 찾은 소비자를 대상으로 산림자연버섯에 대한 인지도와 기호도를 조사함으로써 식용 산림버섯산업의 방향을 제시하는 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

This study compared the texture characteristics and consumer acceptance of cooked wheat noodles produced in four countries, which were Korea, Japan, China, and Italy. Noodle types were selected after FGI (focus group interview). Eleven noodles were studied, and they were categorized into four types: udon, fried udon, oriental noodles of various thickness, and pasta. Color was measured as L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) values using a colorimeter. Lightness decreased when noodles were cooked, whereas redness and yellowness of cooked noodles were unchanged. Texture properties of wheat noodles in terms of hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were measured using the Rheometer. Italian spaghetti (spgt_IL), Korean fried udon (yk_udng_KR) had highest values for hardness. Korean udon had the highest value for springiness, whereas Chinese medium noodle (mid_CN) had the lowest value (p<0.05). Chinese thick noodle (thick_CN) and fettuccine (fettc_IL) showed lower hardness but higher springiness. Cohesiveness was significantly higher for Japanese udon (udng_JP), Chinese medium noodle (mid_CN), and Chinese thick noodle (thick_CN), whereas values for Korean thin noodle (thin_KR) and Korean fried noodle (yk_udng_KR) were significantly low (p<0.05). Spaghetti (spgt_IL) showed significantly high values for chewiness (p<0.05). For overall acceptability, thick Korean noodle showed the highest score with a level of 'slightly like'. Taste and texture attributes were highest among all noodles, and its high scores for chewiness and smoothness might contribute to its overall acceptance. Korean thick noodle, Korean udon, and Japanese udon were not significantly different from Korean or Japanese thin noodles. Japanese fried noodle (yk_udng_JP) showed the lowest acceptance among noodles in terms of color, flavor, taste, and texture. Chinese thick and medium noodles showed lower scores for overall acceptability, whereas chewiness was not significantly different from other noodles. Spaghetti and fettuccine showed lower scores in terms of overall acceptability, taste, texture, springiness, and chewiness.

This study was conducted as a comparative analysis, using the SPSS 17.0 program for a survey conducted from March to July 2013, on the level of perception and preference factors of Koreans and Americans residing in Virginia, USA(89 male and female adults of 20 years of age or above). For the information on the degree of obesity, a survey was used and the subjects provided with their heights and weights. The researcher used this data to calculated their BMI and distinguished the degrees of obesity. For the BMI, the obesity diagnosis of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity was used for Koreans, and the WHO's obesity diagnosis on adults were employed for Americans. First, regarding the Korean participants, the level of obesity appeared in the order of normal (79.6%), overweight (14.3%), and underweight (6.1%). Also, the level of perceptions of their health conditions appeared in the order of average (51.7%) and good (34.7%). No one perceived their health to be in poor condition. Meanwhile, for the American participants, the order was as follows: overweight at about 45%, normal weight at about 35%, obesity at about 12.5%, and underweight at about 7.5%. In terms of the level of perception of health during ordinary times, about 55% of the American participants answered that they are in good health. Therefore, the Americans were found to perceive their health to be in relatively better condition than the Koreans residing in the USA. Also, concerning the level of interest in health while eating food at ordinary times, the American participants were discovered to be more interested (about 62.5%) than the Korean participants. The research on their preference for salty taste was conducted as a survey, and the subjects were asked to choose an item according to their subjective feeling. Regarding the preference for salty taste, both Koreans and Americans residing in the USA responded as moderate. However, a higher proportion of Americans than Koreans responded to favor salty taste. Concerning the reason for their preference for salty taste, Koreans responded with various reasons whereas Americans mostly responded that it is because they eat salty food frequently. For any changes in dietary behavior related to eating salty food, both Korean and American respondents thought that the amount of their daily intake of salt is appropriate and that they consider taste as most important in selecting a snack. Based on the above data, the results of this research indicate a need for actual improvement in the diet with regard to salty food along with diverse policies for promoting life with a low salt diet in future.

In 2013, for the 130th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Germany as well as the 50th anniversary of the dispatch of Korean workers to Germany, a survey on the recognition and preferences related to Bibimbab was carried out among students in Bayreuther, Germany majoring in hotel management who had not tried Korean food before. As part of the globalization of Korean food, 10 different foods that Germans might like were prepared, and the survey took place after food tasting. In the results, 44% of students noted that their first impression of Bibimbab was good, and impression was more favorable after tasting than before. The preference for nine foods other than Bibimbab was in order of Kimchi, Bulgogi, Mandu, Modum-jeon, Samgyetang, Gimbab, Japchae, Tteokbokki, and Sangchu-muchim. Students liked Bibimbab due to its healthiness, and most students showed interest in Korean food after tasting Bibimbab. To improve Bibimbab, most students answered diversifying sauces.

The semiotic, one of Julia Kristeva's most important propositions, refers extensively to the pre-Oedipal phase, which signifies the beautiful chaos that cannot be fully described by the discipline of the symbolic. The semiotic released in the symbolic expands the limit of the subject and society, exhibiting the revolutionary power, which provides possibilities of exits, and brings about changes. By de-constructing coercive order, this revolutionary power elicits the lawless ethics where no empowered law exists. Kristeva regards art as atypical passage, through which the semiotic can come to the fore even in the symbolic. In contrast especially to literature that uses language as a medium, visual art can surpass the linguistic limitation because it is positioned as 'the thing going beyond a name even without a name' in the symbolic. Focusing on Jackson Pollock, Hans Haacke, and Robert Wilson, this paper examines the stereoscopic understanding of the semiotic, which Kristeva explained from the perspective of the visual representation of the semiotic. This paper also conducts analysis on Yayoi Kusama's work, which successfully achieves the representation of the semiotic. Art resuscitates the signification of creation and negation, diverging from identity by endlessly de-constructing history, concepts, ideologies, philosophy, and aesthetics, inherited through the representation of the semiotic. Art has the power to subvert the symbolic value system and create a new equilibrium and harmony, thereby conducive to a socio-political revolution. Therefore, art can create a lawless space, which retains a dynamic potential to exclude socio-cultural contrivance.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the preference, intake frequency and eating behavior for kimchi as well as analyze the differences by gender among fourth to sixth grade students (n=410) in a Chungnam region. Approximately 64% of the students liked the spicy taste of kimchi, 75.9% liked the saltiness, and 48.5% liked well-fermented kimchi. The disliking factors of kimchi were its sour taste (38.5%), strong scent (20.1%), and salty taste (15.4%). The most preferred type of kimchi was Baechukimchi, followed by Kkakduki, Yeolmukimchi, and Chonggakkimchi. Further, the most frequently consumed type of kimchi was Baechukimchi, followed by Kkakduki, Chonggakkimchi and Yeolmukimchi. Oisobaki, welsh onion kimchi, sesame leaf kimchi, Gatkimchi, Nabakkimchi and Baekkimchi were rarely consumed. About 34% of the students consumed 5 to 7 pieces of kimchi per meal, and 84.1% enjoyed eating kimchi, mostly because of its good taste (61.3%). The reason for not eating kimchi was because other side dishes are more delicious (30.2%). About 80% of the students responded that they prepared kimchi at home. Moreover, 74.3% of the students eat kimchi much more at home than at school. Improvements to be made for kimchi at school were as follows: less salty (34.9%), less spicy (27.6%), and sweet (22.5%). In conclusion, students enjoyed eating kimchi because of its good taste. Further, they showed preference for Baechukimchi, Kkakduki, and Yeolmukimchi and consumed them frequently. Because kimchi appears to be more preferred and more frequently consumed, it is necessary to develop a menu using kimchi along with the proper eating guidance for helping students consume various types of kimchi at school or at home.

2012년 3월부터 2012년 10월까지 광주시내 초·중·고 등학교 주변 어린이 식품안전보호구역내 분식점, 길거리음 식점 등에서 판매되고 있는 김밥, 떡볶이, 꼬치류, 오뎅, 튀김류 등 식사대용 및 간식용 어린이 기호식품 중 조리식품 124건에 대해서 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질 등 영양성분과 나트륨, 당함량 등을 검사하여 고열량·저영양 식품 해당 여부에 대해서 조사하였다. 식사대용 어린이 기호식품 35 건 중 토스트 12건이 모두 포화지방과 나트륨의 기준을 초과하여 고열량·저영양 식품에 해당되었고, 간식용 어린 이 기호식품 89건 중에서 튀김류 4건과 닭강정 5건이 열량기준을 초과하였고, 또한 슬러쉬 27건 중에서 20건이 당 함량을 초과한 것으로 나타나 총 29건이 고열량·저영양 식품에 해당되었다. 그러나 이번에 조사한 식품들은 슬러쉬를 제외하고는 모두 저영양 식품 판단의 한 요소인 단백질 함량이 높고, 튀김류 등은 식품의 특성상 지방함량이 많아서 열량이 높고, 모두 조리식품들이기 때문에 식사로 섭취하게 되는 식품과 마찬가지로 나트륨 함량이 높아서 고열량·저영양 식품으로 분류된 것으로 보인다. 따라서 고 열량·저영양 식품이라 하더라도 한두 번 섭취한다고 해서 문제가 생기는 것은 아니기 때문에 편식을 피하고 싱거운 맛에 익숙해지도록 하는 노력과 더불어 전체적으로 여러 유형의 식품들을 골고루 섭취하는 등, 올바른 식생활 습관이 어릴 때부터 형성되도록 소비자의 지속적인 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 초등학생들의 식습관 및 기호도를 조사하고, 저학년과 고학년의 식습관 및 기호도의 차이점을 분석하였다. 1. 일반사항 조사 대상자는 남학생 435명, 여학생 435명이었고, 학년별 인원은 1학년이 120명, 2학년 150명, 3학년 151명, 4학년 150 명, 5학년 149명, 6학년 150명이 응답하였다. 식구 수는 4~5 명이 가장 많았고, 주거 형태는 아파트가 가장 많았다. 2. 식습관 조사 식사의 규칙성은 항상 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 주로 아침을 결식하는 경우가 가장 높게 나타났다. 고학년과 저학년의 차 이를 분석한 결과, 저학년은 점심을, 고학년은 저녁을 결식하 는 것으로 나타났다. 음식을 남기는 버릇에서는 항상 남긴다 가 가장 높았고, 음식을 먹을 때 가장 중점을 두는 것은 차려 진 대로, 맛있는 음식, 영양가 있는 음식, 위생적인 음식 순이 었다. 저학년의 경우는 영양가 있는 음식이라는 응답이 가장 높게 나타났으나, 고학년은 그냥 차려진대로 먹는다가 가장 높게 나타났다. 식사 종류에서는 여학생이 남학생보다 밥을 더 많이 먹는다고 답하였다. <음식을 골고루 먹는가>에서는 가끔 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 학년이 낮을수록 음식을 골고루 먹지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 식사 중 TV 시청이나 독서 여부 에서는 가끔 그렇다가 가장 많았고, 맵고 짠 음식 선호에서도 가끔 그렇다가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 저학년보다 고학년이 맵고 짠 음식을 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 자신의 비만 정도에서는 고학년이 저학년보다 자신이 비만하다는 응답을 많이 하였다. 하루 운동 정도에서는 30분이 가장 많았고, 고 학년이 운동을 더 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 식사 준비자에 따른 식습관 태도 변화에서는 어머니가 식사를 준비하는 경 우 아침 식사가 규칙적이었으며, 음식을 적게 남겼다. 3. 기호도 조사 밥․면․국류에서 쌀밥, 자장면, 라면 등을 선호하였고, 콩 밥, 팥밥, 호박죽 등을 기피하였다. 국류는 떡국, 갈비탕을 가 장 선호하였고, 순두부찌개를 저학년이 더 싫어하였으며, 된 장국의 기호도가 비교적 높게 나왔다. 찜․조림․구이․볶음 류에서는 튀김이나 찜 조리방법을 선호하였다. 구이․전에서 는 연근전, 밀전병쌈, 녹두전을 기피하였다. 볶음․튀김류에 서는 돈가스를 가장 선호하였고, 연근튀김, 단호박튀김을 선 호하지 않았으며, 나물류에서는 취나물, 오이, 도라지무침 등 을 선호하지 않았다. 김치류에서는 배추김치를 가장 선호하 였으며, 저학년과 고학년의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 연구는 대상 아동이 대전지역 초등학교 학생들로써 우 리나라 전체 초등학생에게 적용할 수 없다는 제한점이 있었 다. 그러나 저학년과 고학년, 남학생과 여학생의 다양한 식습 관과 기호도의 차이점을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 초등학생을 대 상으로 올바른 식생활지도와 올바른 식품의 선택을 위한 영 양교육을 하기 위해서는 이들의 특성을 고려하여 실시하는 것이 보다 효과적이라 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 다양한 생리활성 물질과 기능성을 가지고 있는 들깻잎을 건강식품으로 널리 알려져 있는 토마토 소스 에 첨가를 하여 기능성이 향상이 된 토마토 소스를 제조하여 식품으로서의 이용가치와 일상생활에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 들깻잎을 서양 향신료의 대체제로 사용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 들깻잎의 첨가량을 달리하여 토마토 소스를 제조하 여 수분, pH, 색도를 측정한 결과, 수분은 대조군이 87.34%로 가장 낮게 나타났고, pH는 들깻잎을 2% 첨가한 것이 4.71로 가장 높았다. 색도 중 명도 L값은 들깻잎의 첨가량이 증가할 수록 L값은 유의적(p>0.001)으로 낮아졌다. 적색도 a값과 황 색도 b값도 대조군이 각각 15.77, 17.70으로 가장 높았다. 염 도는 대조군이 0.88로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 당도 측정 결과는 들깻잎을 2% 첨가한 것이 9.57로 가장 낮았다. 환원당은 대조군이 63.08로 가장 높게 나타났다. 4℃에서 60일간 저장하 면서 총균수의 변화를 측정한 결과는 저장 5일까지는 미생물 이 검출되지 않았다. 저장 10일에 0.5% 첨가군까지 미생물이 검출되었으나 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 저장 15일은 2%를 첨가한 토마토 소스 외에 모든 첨가군에서 미생물이 검출이 되었으며, 0%를 첨가한 대조군이 1.8×105 CFU/㎖로 가장 높 게 나타냈으며, 2% 첨가군은 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 최 종적으로 60일 저장시에 들깻잎을 첨가하지 않은 대조군이 3.2×107 CFU/㎖로 가장 많이 나타냈다. 관능검사 결과, 색 (color)은 1.5% 첨가군이 6.9로 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 향 (flavor)은 들깻잎 2% 첨가군이 6.1로 가장 높게 평가되었다. 맛(taste)은 색과 마찬가지로 들깻잎 1.5% 첨가군이 6.6으로 가 장 높게 평가되었다. 뒷맛(after taste)은 들깻잎 1% 첨가군까 지는 좋은 평가를 받았으나, 2%의 들깻잎을 토마토 소스에 첨 가하였을 때는 오히려 대조군보다 낮게 평가되었고, 들깻잎 의 과도한 첨가는 오히려 토마토 소스의 맛의 기호도를 떨어 뜨리는 것으로 사료된다. 점도(viscosity)는 대조군이 2.6으로 가장 낮게 평가되었다. 전반적인 기호도(overall acceptability) 는 1.5% 첨가군이 6.4로 가장 높게 평가되었으며, 들깻잎 2% 를 첨가한 대조군이 가장 낮게 평가되었다. 이와 같이 들깻잎 을 토마토 소스에 첨가 시에 저장성 향상과 기호도에서 좋은 평가를 받아, 앞으로 서양 허브의 대체제로서의 이용가치와 우리나라 식재료를 서양의 소스에 이용할 수 있는 가능성을 옅 볼 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the eating experience and preferences for seafood among elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do. A survey was carried out on 383 elementary school students. As for the eating experience of seafood, the students were aware of and had eaten ‘Scomber japonics (Go-deung-eo) (96.3%)’, ‘Anadara broughtonii (Jo-gea) (95.8%)’, ‘Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (O-jing-eo) (98.7%)’, ‘Panulirus japonicus (Sea-ou) (98.4%)’, ‘Porphyra tenera (Gim) (99.5%)’, ‘Shrimp, soused (81.2%)’, ‘Eo-muk (98.7%)’, and ‘Anchovy, dried (98.7%)’. As for the preferences for seafood, ‘like (67.6%)’, ‘fair (21.5%)’, and ‘dislike (7.3%)’ were observed. Concerning the frequency of seafood consumption, 4th grade students showed higher frequency of ‘1~2/week’ compared to others (p<0.05). 6th grade students showed higher frequency of ‘3~4/week’ compared to others (p<0.05). In terms of preferable cooking methods for seafood, ‘grilling (35.0%)’, ‘soup (23.0%)’, and ‘raw fish (19.8%)’ were observed. Boys showed a higher preference for ‘grilling’, ‘frying’ and ‘raw fish’ compared to the girls (p<0.05). Girls showed a higher preference for ‘soup’, ‘braising’ and ‘steaming’ compared to the boys (p<0.05). As for the seafood intake by eating place, ‘home (60.1%)’, ‘eating-out (18.3%)’, and ‘school lunch menus (12.8%)’ were observed in that order. Therefore, in order to increase the consumption and intake of seafood, students should attempt to achieve proper intake though information of nutrition and consistent nutritional education.

This study investigated the effects of freeze-dried sweet pumpkin powder on the baking of bread. Freeze-dried sweet pumpkin powder (0, 3, 6, 9, or 12%) was supplemented during the baking process and the bread volume, weight, specific volume, baking loss rate, texture, and sensory characteristics were measured. The results were following. Freeze-dried sweet pumpkin contained 4.88% water, 4.40% protein, and 4.02% ash. The L-values (brightness) of the bread were significantly lower as increasing amounts of sweet pumpkin powder were added (p<0.001). However, higher values for the a-value (redness) and b-value (yellowness) were observed (p<0.01 for both values). The volume and baking loss rate decreased when the sweet pumpkin powder was added. In contrast, the weight significantly increased as sweet pumpkin powder was added (p<0.01) and the intensity of dark brown color increased. The outer side of the bread was balanced overall, but the outer skin of the bread appeared darker as the amount of sweet pumpkin powder increased. The overall acceptability, hardness (p<0.001), elasticity (p<0.01), cohesiveness (p<0.01), gumminess (p<0.01), and brittleness (p<0.001) increased as sweet pumpkin powder increased as well. However, when sweet pumpkin powder was added at 12%, the overall acceptability value was fairly low. Sensory parameters, such as taste (p<0.001), color (p<0.001), and flavor (p<0.05) were observed when sweet pumpkin powder was used at 3% and these results were lower than the control. Overall acceptability (p<0.001) was best when sweet pumpkin powder was used at 9% and the texture was best when sweet pumpkin powder was used at 6%.

본 논문에서는 “덕수궁 대한문 농성촌”에 대한 주요 언론의 보도를 비교분석하여 신문보도에 있어서의 차이점을 도출해 보고 이에 드러나는 이데올로기와 신화를 찾아서 이 사안에 대해 언론이 어떻게 구 성하고 있고 이러한 것이 우리 사회에 어떤 함의를 가지고 있는가를 분 석하였다. 이를 위해 가장 많은 기사 수와 활발한 논의가 많이 이뤄진 “덕수궁 농성촌”이 세워진 2012년 11월 12일부터 서울시가 공식 철거를 진행하기로 합의한 15일, 그 이후 28일까지를 기간으로 삼았다. 또 “덕 수궁 대한문 농성촌” 신문보도의 차별성을 도출하기 위해 가장 큰 보도 차이를 보인 국내 언론 중 가장 대표적인 언론이며 보수적 성향이 강한 조선일보와 진보적인 한겨레신문을 선택하여 연구하였다. 분석방법으로 는 기호학을 통한 계열체, 통합체, 신화 분석을 채택하였다. 연구 결과 조선일보와 한겨레신문의 “덕수궁 대한문 농성촌”에 대한 보도의 구성방 식에 있어서 조선일보는 법질서와 공권력을 해치고 더 나아가 국가안보 를 해치는 불법 시설물로 강조하고 있다. 또 농성촌 철거를 통해 한국이 법과 질서를 존중하는 시민이라는 선진국 브랜드를 강화하고 인정받아야 하고 한국의 전통적인 관광명소인 이곳의 본래 모습을 찾을 수 있도록 강한 법적 조치가 필요하다고 보도하고 있다. 한겨레신문은 농성촌은 소 통과 연대의 공간으로 최소한의 의견을 나눌 수 있는 무대로 계속 이어 져야 한다고 강조하고 있다. 전체적으로 “덕수궁 대한문 농성촌” 보도를 통해 언론은 한 사안에 대해 다른 방식으로 취재가 되고 의제설정(프레 이밍)이 이뤄져서 독자들에게 전달된다는 것을 분석할 수 있었다.

This study for add functional nutrition ginseng to make consommé soup of beef. consommé soup of beef added to the supplementary materials, the moisture content of ginseng (75.34%), crude protein 2.78%, crude fat 0.53%, ash 0.018%, respectively. Consommé soup beef cone with the addition of solid content and viscosity measurements, the results showed BCG0 3.34% viscosity ginseng 0% 2.26 acid group most were lower. The sweetness of the control group, 0% added ginseng lowest measured pH is 6.53, and 4.13 BCG12 the lowest amount was measured. Consommé soup beef cone with the addition of lightness was lower as the control group BCG0 34.21, redness BCG0 14.44 as the highest value, respectively. Yellowness decreased significantly (p<0.001) between the amount of ginseng have more and more each sample. Turbidity was decreased with increasing the amount of ginseng. Ginseng added 6% BCG6 symbols from color BCG9 5.10 the highest rating, and flavor 5.40 as the highest rating was 9% added BCG9 5.70 overall acceptability overall acceptance was rated the highest. Strength ginseng 0% added in the control group showed the highest intensity of 6.4, dark brown. Savory flavor 0% added ginseng BCG0 showed the lowest intensity to 4.4. Consommé soup when you try to synthesize the results of all the experiments, the addition of ginseng considered the best addition to the 9%, and the addition of more than 12% of ginseng reducing rather symbols that suggest.

The purpose of this study was to compare the preferences for seafood in school lunch menus among elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do. A survey was carried out on 303 male/female elementary school students. As for the preferences for seafood in school lunch menus, ‘like (47.2%)’, ‘fair (30.7%)’, and ‘dislike (22.1%)’ were observed in that order (p<0.01). Concerning the appropriateness of seafood serving frequency, ‘1~2/week (44.9%)’, ‘3~4/week (33.7%)’, and ‘everyday (10.2%)’ were observed in that order. When the preference of favorite seafood was evaluated using a Likert scale (strongly like 5-points, strongly dislike 1-point), ‘crustacea (4.34)’, ‘mollusk (4.21)’, and ‘processed food (4.11)’ were observed in that order. In terms of cooking methods for seafood, 5th grade students showed higher frequency of ‘grilling’ and ‘frying’ seafood compared to others (p<0.05). As for the occurrence of seafood leftovers, 4th and 6th grade students showed higher frequency of ‘sometimes’ than 5th grade students (p<0.001). As for certain desires for seafood in school lunch menus, ‘improvement of taste (39.3%)’, ‘various kinds of seafood (20.1%)’, and ‘variable cooking methods (18.5%)’ were observed in that order. Therefore, in order to increase the intake of seafood, students should attempt to achieve proper intake though nutrition education.

This study sought to identify unique semiotic codes of Korean cuisine, including table settings, service styles, service ware selection, cooking techniques, and the logic behind menu composition. This research also aimed to verify that yangnyomjang reflects the code of Korean food culture. One of key findings from this study was that hidden codes of Korean food were found in their daily set-up for bapsang (dining table), which was found to decodify polysemic characteristics with an emphasis on harmony. These semiotic codes were influenced by the yin and yang philosophy and impact dining activities in our daily lives. Korean bapsang, composed of bap (rice), guk (soup) and banchan (side dishes), helps every individual diner share the semiotic codes of Korean cuisine within the context of paradigm and syntagm. Yangnyomjang, a major component of the Korean menu, also represents a unique code of Korean cuisine in its structure, main ingredients, production, and usage. This study also mathematically verified that a synchronic table setting of Korean cuisine provides diners with more opportunities for potential flavor combinations, compared to the Western service setting.

Seolleongtang, a traditional broth in Korea, is expected to become a hot global item for its unique flavor and healthiness. In this study, the correlations between sensory attributes and physicochemical characteristics were studied for the popular seolleongtang stock products through descriptive analysis, sensory evaluation and analysis of salt, soluble solid, protein, viscosity and color for the quality control. Our results indicate that color, concentration, viscosity, and freshness are important attributes in evaluating the quality of seolleongtang stock. There were significant differences between preference and sensory attributes among the stock products. Significant correlations were found between flavor and texture and overall acceptability, as well as beany odor and aroma. Preference and physicochemical aspects also correlated, and indicate that a range of salt, solubility, and viscosity are applicable as quality control factors in seollengtang stock.