The purpose of this study was to assess knee joint loading in the target knee during a golf swing compared to loading rates of high impact activities such as cutting and drop landings. Nine healthy competitive golfers completed golf swings with the target foot both straight and externally rotated 30 degrees, as well as drop landings and cutting maneuvers. Motion capture data was collected at 240 Hz and ground reaction force data was collected at 2400 Hz. The frontal and transverse knee moments were examined using repeated measures ANOVA through SPSS. The abduction moments were higher in golf swings as compared to the other high impact activities (p=.010), while the external rotation moments were lower (p=.003). There were no significant differences between externally rotated and neutral golf swings. These results suggest moments applied to the knee during a golf swing are similar to those applied during a high impact activity.

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.