The approach to the study of language has recently changed in a way to accommodate the findings from its neighboring research fields. Evidence from evolutionary anthropology, genetics and biology has the FL restricted to recursion only, leaving all other mechanisms to the conditions on interfaces. Given that Merge is the most fundamental operation of FL, the labeling has been the target of research on the syntactic objects created by Merge. LA is an algorithm that searches the head property in the minimal domain and names it as a label. LA is part of Transfer and becomes complete at interfaces. This paper re-examines the algorithm of labeling in Chomsky (2013, 2015) to see how it works with the facts provided from areas other than linguistics. It also pursues the possibility that LA can derive coordination, double object constructions, and particle constructions. F-sharing is considered to be subject to parameterization in the minimalist frame though its role is not clear at interfaces except externalization.

Recently, Chomsky (2013, 2015) has abandoned the concept of the endocentricity of phrase, which has been taken as a near axiom in the tradition of phrase structure theory. Instead, he proposes an algorithm for labelling (LA; labelling algorithm) by taking it away from the Merge operation. This, in effect, is a measure for solving the so-called specifier problem a la Adger 2012, and then enable novel explanation of the non-existence of specifiers. Paradoxically, we will see in this paper that Chomsky’s (2013, 2015) effective elimination of specifiers not only renders the configuration of multiple specifiers possible, but also helps us to try simpler explanation of them.