Four chemical treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), copper sulfate (CuSO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and chlorine (Cl2) were applied to the effluent pond water of a hybrid striped bass saltwater recirculating aquaculture system to compare their oxidation power. Four chemicals were applied at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l. An additional concentration of 40 mg/l was included in the chlorine treatment. Water samples from four hybrid striped bass ponds were tested with KMnO4 and Cl2. H2O2 did not reduce any of BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a, and copper sulfate was only effective on chlorophyll-a for the effluent pond. Removal efficiencies for chlorophyll-a by copper sulfate were 19.2%, 37.5%, 54.2% and 74.1% dose-dependently. Potassium permanganate effectively removed the BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a. The COD removal rates in four fish ponds varied from 15.9% to 31.6% at the concentration of 10 mg/l. Interestingly, Cl2 did not reduce the BOD and COD at all, but the BOD and COD instead increased drastically with increasing the Cl2 concentration. The pond water with the highest initial BOD and COD values among the fish ponds tested increased by 350% in the BOD and 150% in the COD at 20 mg/l. Furthermore, Cl2 did not significantly reduce any types of solid matter in this study, while KMnO4 seemed to reduce some extent volatile dissolved solid in the fish pond.

1975년부터 2011년 11월까지 37년간의 한강 본류의 유 기오염물질의 장기변동을 평가하기 위하여 BOD와 COD 항목에 대해 서울시 보건환경연구원 분석 자료와 환경부 의 연간평균자료를 이용하여 비교하였다. 한강본류의 유 기물질 비교지점은 상수원인 팔당댐(PD)을 기점으로 구 의(KU), 잠실(JS), 뚝도(DD), 보광(BK), 노량진(NR), 영 등포(YD), 가양(GY) 등 총 8개 지점을 선정하였다. 한강 본류의 연평균 BOD는 상류인 팔당댐에서 하류인 가양 지점으로 유하하면서 증가하였다. 연도별로는 1984년에 최고치를 나타낸 후 점차 감소하기 시작하여 팔당댐에서 뚝도까지는 하천의 생활환경기준 1b인 ‘좋음’을 유지하고 있었다. 하류인 보광~가양구간은 II등급 수준을 유지하 는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 연평균 COD의 농도는 BOD와 달리 1992년에 최저치를 나타낸 후 1993년부터 증가하 는 경향을 나타내었다. 현재는 팔당댐, 잠실, 뚝도는 1b인 ‘좋음’, 구의, 보광, 영등포는 II등급인 ‘약간좋음’, 노량진과 가양은 III등급인 ‘보통’을 유지하고 있었다. 37년간 생분 해성 유기물의 지표인 BOD의 경우 꾸준히 감소(r2= 0.646)하고 있고 총 유기물을 대표할 수 있는 COD농도 도 감소추세(r2=0.260)를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 반 면 팔당댐의 경우 1990년대 이후부터는 BOD는 감소 추 세를 유지하고 있으나 COD농도는 1991년 1.7 mg L-1 이 후 2011년 3.9 mg L-1으로 약 2배 이상 증가추세를 보이 고 있는 것으로 확인되어 팔당댐 수계내의 난분해성 물 질에 대한 체계적인 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 계 절별 BOD, COD농도는 봄¤겨울¤여름, 가을 순으로 높 았으며 시계열 자료분석을 통해 12개월 주기로 강한 상관관계가 있고 장기간에 걸쳐 주기성이 나타나고 있음을 확인하였다. 팔당댐 방류량이 많을수록 한강본류의 BOD 와 COD농도는 낮아지는 경향을 나타내고 적을수록 높아 지는 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 한강수질관리에 있어 팔 당댐 방류량의 유기적 조절이 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 비록 1975년부터 2011년까지의 한강본류의 BOD의 장기 변동만 고려할 때 한강수질이 나아지기는 했으나 팔당댐 COD는 상대적으로 증가하고 있으므로 수질이 개선되었 다고 보기에는 무리가 있다. 따라서 고도하수처리 시설 등 수질개선을 위한 시설 확충과 비점오염원 원인분석 및 저감 대책과 더불어 주변 환경 및 각종 요인을 정확히 분석하고 총체적인 검토가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보이고 앞으로의 수질정책에 있어 중요한 요소라고 생각된다.

In this study, monthly average values of BOD, COD, and TOC observed for 10 years (2008–2017) in the Nam River were estimated, and monthly variations of BOD, COD, and TOC were analyzed. Monthly average COD was always higher than monthly average BOD; monthly average TOC was high from June to September when rainfall was high. Monthly correlation coefficients between BOD and COD ranged from 0.57 to 0.94, those between BOD and TOC from 0.45 to 0.93, and those between COD and TOC from 0.75 to 0.93. The correlation coefficients were high from November to February when rainfall was low. Regression analyses for monthly average water quality data of the Nam River classified into dry season (October to April) and wet season (May to September) were conducted. Correlation coefficients were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season, and the determination coefficients of linear regression functions for BOD and COD with TOC were also higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. From this study, it can be concluded that it is appropriate to use monthly data to analyze the correlations among BOD, COD, and TOC in the stream. To analyze the relationship between TOC flowing into the stream and BOD/COD, it was found that seasonal characteristics should be considered.

Herein, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of DO (dissolved oxygen), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) with the monthly mean observed data for 10 years (2008~2017) in the main stream of the Nakdong River. The water quality of the stations declined in a downstream direction, with the BOD and COD showing their highest values at the ST5 station. From the analysis of the correlation of water quality components at 10 stations, the correlation coefficient between the DO and water temperature was more than –0.90, and that between BOD and Chl-a was 0.48~0.85, and that between COD and TOC was more than 0.65 except for the ST5 and ST10 stations. From the regression analysis using data collected from all stations, the water temperature and DO decreased linearly with a coefficient of determination of 0.90, and the Chl-a and BOD could be described by increasing power functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.83. The TOC and COD followed increasing logarithm functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.58. The TOC efficiency at the 10 stations was estimated and the average efficiencies of BOD and COD were 15.5~36.3% and 57.4~89.6%, respectively.