The postharvest quality of cut flowers often declines during transportation, especially under dry storage conditions. Therefore, incorporating preservative solutions during shipment is vital for extending the vase life of high-value cut flowers. Among commonly used additives, sucrose (Suc) and Floralife (FL), a commercial preservative, have demonstrated efficacy in maintaining vase life. Oxygen nanobubbles (O2NB) and ozone nanobubbles (O3NB), which are nanoscale gas-filled bubbles in aqueous media, have been proposed as antimicrobial agents for use in preservative solutions applied to cut flowers. This study examined the effects of seven preservative treatments on the postharvest performance of cut Cymbidium ‘Lovely King’ during simulated transport. Treatments included tap water (control), Suc, FL, O2NB, O2NB combined with Suc (O2NBS), O3NB, and O3NB combined with Suc (O3NBS). Cut stems were placed in floral water tubes filled with the respective solutions and stored in a cold chamber at 5°C for 7 days to simulate transport conditions. Among the treatments, O2NB resulted in the longest vase life of 21.0 days, significantly longer than that under O2NBS (14.3 days). Additionally, the O2NB solution exhibited the lowest bacterial count (4.9 log 10 CFU mL-1) compared with other treatment solutions. Stems treated with O3NB maintained the highest relative fresh weight throughout the experiment. Initial water uptake was 8.4 g and 7.6 g for the O3NB and O2NB treatments, respectively. These findings indicate that O2NB is an effective transport preservative for enhancing postharvest quality and extending the vase life of cut Cymbidium ‘Lovely King.’

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of patient safety simulation education on nursing students’s attitude of patient safety, confidence in performance of patient safety, confidence in performance multidrug-resistant bacterial infection control, and nursing professionalism. Methods: In this study, 89 students from the 4th grade of the nursing department at one university participated, and the data collection period was from August 20 to August 30, 2023. The collected data were analyzed using R 4.3.2 version and by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: After education, the subjects' nursing professionalism(t=-5.95, p<.001), attitude of patient safety(t=-3.59, p<.001), confidence in performance of patient safety(t=-3.90, p<.001), and confidence in performance multidrugresistant bacterial infection control(t=-5.55, p<.001) increased statistically significantly. After education, there was a positive correlation between nursing professionalism, attitude of patient safety(r=.43, p<.001), confidence in performance of patient safety(r=.64, p<.001), confidence in performance multidrug-resistant bacterial infection control(r=.41, p=<.001). The relationship between attitude of patient safety, confidence in performance of patient safety(r=.47, p<.001), confidence in performance multidrug-resistant bacterial infection control(r=.37, p=<.001) showed a positive correlation. Confidence in performance of patient safety, confidence in performance multidrug-resistant bacterial infection control(r=.80, p<.001) showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: Through this study, in order to strengthen effective patient safety management behavior, it is necessary to find ways to increase immersion and proactiveness in education by developing and applying various scenarios related to patient safety in nursing management simulation education.

Several bacteria have been known as the causal agents of certain diseases of the cultivated button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It is well known as bacterial diseases of the cultivated mushroom such as brown blotch, mummy disease, bacterial pit, bacterial rot and weeping disease, ginger blotch, and drippy gill. Brown blotch is the most critical cause of crop loss in the commercial mushroom industry. The classical bacterial blotch disease of mushrooms is caused by a fluorescent pseudomonad, Pseudomonas tolaasii. Affected mushrooms show lesions which become dark chocolate-brown, are wet, and deeply pit the caps and stalks. Although Pseudomonas tolaasii has been known as the casual agent of bacterial blotch, much controversy exists regarding the identification of this bacterium and whether blotch may be caused by more than one organism. This study was carried out to investigate characterization and biological control of Pseudomonas tolaasi and other possible browning pathogens isolated from cultivated mushrooms. One hundred seventy four bacteria were isolated from the cultivated mushroom and collected from main producing districts throughout the country. The isolates were classified into Pseudomonas tolaasii(20 strains), Pseudomonas gingeri(1 strains), Pseudomonas agarici(4 strains), Pseudomonas putida(11 strains), Pseudomonas sp.(46 strains), Ewingella americana(14 strains), Stenotrophomonas sp.(4 strains), and others(74 strains) on the basis of 16 rDNA analysis. The most dominants of these species were Pseudomonas tolaasii and Ewingella americana. Pseudomonad isolates were mainly divided into two groups in white line test and a sharply defined white line of precipitate forms in Pseudomonas agar F(Difco) between the opaque white colonies of P. tolaasii and translucent colonies of certain unidentified pseudomonads. The white line test was positive when 20 isolates of P. tolaasi from different countries were examined, whereas 62 isolates of pseudomonads did not give the white line reaction with a reacting translucent colony Pseudomonas. All the isolates tested for white line forming bacteria including P. tolaasi were highly pathogenic to mushroom tissue. Although browning of mushrooms in host tests does not perfectly help in the identification of P. tolaasi, a conspicuous pitting produced at the cut surface of mushroom tissue is as specific as the white line test in detecting P. tolaasii in suspension in distilled water. URP2F primers of 20-mer were used to assess the genetic diversity of white line forming bacteria. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the neighbor-joining method. In the analysis of RAPD pattern, all isolates of white line precipitate have some of the different genetic traits as collected districts. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA revealed that twenty isolates including white line forming bacteria were closely related to P. tolaasii and showed high similarity. To biological control on bacterial browning disease of cultivated mushrooms, six hundreds plant extracts (332 EtOH extracts, 268 water extracts) was used for control of mushroom disease. Thirty plant extracts in bacterial disease(Pseudomonas tolaasii, P. agarici, B. gladioli, E. americana) and thirty three in fungus disease(T. harzianum, C. mycophilum, V. fungicola) showed strong anti-microbes activity. They showed stronger anti-microbes activity at ethanol extracts than water extracts. MIC of extract BCW128 on Pseudomonas tolaasii was 700ppm and HDE17 was 330ppm. MIC of extract YCE107 on P. agarici was 330ppm, JGE96 was 330ppm and BCW128 was 700ppm. The bacteria inhibit tolaasin secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii was selected three genus(Bacillus sp. etc). Now we are carrying out more research on these bacteria.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is effective to control the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. However, its relative slow and unstable control efficacy limits its wide use by farmers. To facilitate pathogenic rate of Bt, a bacterial mixture technique has been developed in this study. Two entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila (Xn) and Photorhabdus temperata temperata (Ptt), possess high immunosuppressive activity against several lepidopteran insects. The mixture treatments using Bt + Xn or Bt + Ptt significantly enhanced Bt pathogenicity in median lethal concentration and time. Though live Xn and Ptt bacterial cells gave significant effect on the pathogenicity, their 48 h culture broth after removing the bacterialcells still possessed the synergistic effect on the Bt pathogenicity. The larvae fed with the bacterial culture broth suffered significant immunosuppression in response bacterial to infection

[ 1982-1983 ]년 사이에 한국인삼연초연구소 음성시험장의 세균성마름병 상습발병포지에서 이 병의 방제체계 확립을 위해 시험한 결과 1. 세균성마름병은 세균증식에 적합한 온도와 토양습도가 주어진 7월하순8월하순에 가장 큰 피해를 나타냈으며 토양훈증제처리구 및 저항성품종재배구에서는 병발생이 적고 느리게 나타낮다. 2. 세균성마름병의 방제효과는 감수성품종인 NC23 26에 비하여 저항성품종인 NC82의 무처리재배의 경우 의 방제효과를 보았으며 토양훈증제처리에 저항성품종인 NC82를 재배 할 경우 의 방제효과를 보았다. 경종적처리에서는 무처리재배에 비하여 로 낮게 나타났으며 저항성품종이나 토양훈증제를 함께 사용 할 경우 그 상승효과는 거의 인정되지 않았다. 3. 세균성마름병의 종합적인 방제체계확립은 경종적처리(춘추경, 잔간근제거, 조기이식, 피복물제거)에 토양훈증(Cylon)를 10a당 40l 토양관주한 후 저항성 품종(NC82)을 재배할 때 이상의 방제효과를 거둘 수 있었다.

한국에 있어서 벼 흰빛잎마름병의 방제 대책을 강구하기 위하여 피해, 병원균의 성질, 발병환경, 품종의 저항성, Bacteriophage에 의한 발생예찰 및 약제방제에 관하여 1965년부터 1975년까지 얻은 시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 피해 우리나라에 있어서 흰빛잎마름병은 거이 전국적으로 분포하여 피해를 주고 있으며 매년 발생이 증가하는 경향이다. 본병발생면적과 이병성품종인 진흥 및 전남풍의 재배면적 증가 사이에는 수준의 유의성이 있었다. 지역별 피해상황은 남해안지대인 전남, 경남을 비롯하여 서해안지대에서 심하며 또 지대 별로 보면 저위 침수지역이 심하다. 피해 해석 결과 출수기의 병반 면적율과 수량과는 고도의 부(일)의 상관이 있었으며 병반면적율이 이하에서는 수량에 미치는 영향이 적었으나 이상되면 약 내외의 감수를 초래하였다. 2. 병원균 공시한 10균주 모두 glucose, galactose를 분해하였고 lactose, dextrin, starch는 분해하지 못하였으며 saccharose, raffinose, manitol, manitol, esculin, salicin등의 탄소원에 대하여는 균주 간에 다소 차이가 있었다. 또 균주에 따라 gelatin 액화 정도에 차이가 있었다. 전국 72개 지역에서 채집 분리한 106균주를 4가지 Bacteriophage의 용균 반응에 따라 분류한 결과 1965년의 2계통에서 1971년에서 9계통으로 점차 다양화되었다. 또 진흥에서는 주로 A, B, C, I등이 분리되었고 김남풍에서는 A, B, H, I가 분리되었으며 통일에서는 D, E를 제외한 거의 모든 계통이 분리된 반면 E계통은 아끼바레에서만 분리되었다. 3. 발생환경 7-8월 중에 평년보다 기온이 낫고 습도가 높으며 강우량이 많고 일조시수가 적을 때 발병이 많았다. 출수기를 전후하여 태풍과 침수는 본병을 유발 및 만연시키는 가장 큰 원인이 되었고 이앙기가 빠를수록 발병이 많았다. 4. 저항성 검정 흰빛잎마름병에 대한 저항성 검정방법 가운데서 가위 접종법이 발병 진전이 빠르고 가장 효율적이었다. 우리나라 주요 장려 품종 중에서는 저항성 품종은 없었고 백금, 농림 6호가 중도 저항성이었다. 5. 발생예찰 전년에 발병했던 논에 설치한 못자리에서 병원균이 검출되었고, 관계수중의 Bacteriophage의 발생량과 병발생과는 높은 상관이 있었다. 관계수 1cc당 50개 내외의 Phage가 검출되면 초발을 예견할 수 있었고 Phage의 발생소장 곡선과 15일후의 발병 곡선이 거의 일치됨에 따라 관개수중의 Phage. 발생소장을 조사함으로서 2주일 앞서 발생예찰이 가능하였다. 6. 약제방제 발병 초기부터 1주간격으로 3회 약제 살포하였을 때 훼나진, 상케루 수화제 살포구는 발병율이 떨어졌으며 수량도 정도 증수되었다. Bacteriophage 발생소장을 이용해서 약제방제할 때에는 Phage가 50개 내외 정도 나타날 때 살포하는 것이 가장 효과적이다.

In this study, we investigated the effects of indole on biofilm formation inhibition in Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans). In the biofilm growth assay, indole inhibited biofilm formation across all the growth time. Depending on biofilm growth stage, indole exhibited biofilm inhibition and anti-bacterial effects on planktonic cells. Through the analysis of the proportion rate between biofilm and Colony Forming Units (CFU) and inhibition rate of indole, we confirmed that depending on the biofilm stage of P. agglomerans, indole treatment timing was more important than the treatment duration. By comparing gene expression rates through rt-qPCR P.agglomerans affected by indole was found to significantly change quorum sensing (pagI/R) and indole transportation (bssS) gene expressions. Throughout all, indole exhibited both antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects on P. agglomerans. In addition, we confirmed the anti-biofilm effects of indole on mature biofilm. In conclusion, indole as a signal molecule, can exhibit anti-biofilm effects through bacterial quorum sensing inhibition and indole affects. Therefore, indole can regulate biofilm bacteria especially gram-negative opportunistic pathogens.

Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis는 녹조류인 매생이에서 분리되는 총 생균주 중에서 90%를 차지하고 있다. Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis에 대한 항미생물 활성을 50 ppm 수준에서 과산화수소와 NaOCl의 각각의 처리가 전해수 (50 ppm) 보다 유의적 수준에서 높았다. 매생이를 50 ppm의 과산화수소, NaOCl 그리고 전해수로 처리한 후 에서 30일간 일반포장 또는 진공포장에 의한