본 연구는 바이오매스를 열분해하여 생성된 수상오일(water soluble oil)을 얻었다. MDO (Marine Diesel Oil)와 수상오일을 유화시켜 생성된 에멀젼 연료의 특성과 배출가스를 연구 하였다. 바 이오매스로는 톱밥을 사용하였고 500 ℃에서 열분해하여 생성된 물과 탄화수소를 응축시켜서 수상오일 을 얻었다. 수상오일을 MDO에 10∼20% 까지 혼합 후 유화시켜 에멀젼 연료를 만들었다. 엔진 배출가 스 측정은 엔진 dinamometer로 실시하였다. 유화연료는 연소실내에서 미세폭발을 일으켜 연료를 잘게 쪼개어 주어 smoke를 감소시킨다. 그리고 물이 연소실내의 기화열을 빼앗아 연소실 내부의 온도를 낮추 어 NOx 생성을 억제하는 효과를 갖는다. ND-13모드의 각 모드별 배출가스온도가 MDO에 비해 유화 연료를 사용했을 때 낮게 나온 것으로 뒷받침 될 수 있었다.유화연료의 함수율이 증가함에 따라 NOx와 smoke의 배출량은 줄어들었으며, 출력도 함수율 증가에 따라 유화연료 자체의 발열량 감소로 인하여 줄어든 것으로 판단된다.ND-13모드에서 MDO 유화연료를 시험한 결과 바이오매스오일 함유량 20%인 유화연료의 NOx 감 소량은 약 25%, smoke의 총감소량은 약 60%, 그리고 약 15%의 출력손실을 확인하였다.

The hydrothermal carbonization is one of attractive thermo-chemical method to upgrade biomass to produce biochar with benefit method from the use of no chemical catalytic. Hydrothermal carbonization improved that the upgrading and dewatering algal biomass, microalga as Chlorella vulgaris, which is conducted at temperatures ranging from 180 to 350℃ with a reaction time of 30 min. These characteristic changes in algal biomass were similar to those of coalification reactions due to dehydration and decarboxylation with increase of hydrothermal reaction temperature. The biochar became a solid fuel substance, the characteristics of which corresponded with fuel between lignite and sub-bituminous coal. The results of this study indicate that hydrothermal treatment can be used as an effective means to generate highly energy-efficient renewable fuel resources using algal biomass.

The fuel characteristics, the combustion characteristics, and the kinetic study of sample that had been torrefied at 250 ~ 300oC were investigated for orange peel, rice husks, wood chips, and wood pellets. When higher torrefaction temperature was used, reduction of the yield, and increase in the fuel ratio, and decrease of volatile content were found. As a result, improvement of the fuel characteristics was confirmed. As parameters for the combustion characteristics, initial temperature (IT) was rised slightly because of the high torrefaction temperature of the wood chip, and burnout temperature (BT) showed lowered. The combustion time (tq) of torrefied wood chip (TC) is shorter than raw sample, and unburned carbon generation will be suppressed. The activation energy of the char combustion reaction (2nd) is reduction compared to the raw sample, and the pre-exponential factor was decreased. As a result, the combustion reaction rate constant (k) of the torrefied wood chips, should be determined considering the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor.

Renewable energy has been focused issue in terms of green house gas (GHG) prevention as well as the sustainable development. One of the most feasible and economical ways to enhance the renewable energy production would be the biomass energy production, which is renewable in terms of carbon neutral. At present, many developed country discovered the biomass resources that will be fitted to their purpose. In Malaysia and Indonesia, palm kernel shell (PKS) was only the waste to dumping on the ground around 5 years ago, but they are exported to all over the countries as a biomass resources. The woody biomass has been the most traditional biomass resources, and their price is so high and quantity is so limited that the electric generation can’t obtain enough quantities to fulfill their renewable energy obligation quarter. Within near future, many types of biomass like rice husk pellet, coconut shell, and empty fruit bunch (EFB) pellet, will be traded commercially and imported to Korea after all. The Korean power plant company using coal try to discover the biomass resources in south. east Asia. In this study, 7 types of biomass was tested for fuel quality as well as the combustion behavior, and compared to each other. It can be found that the fuel property of biomass can be varied with the types and the combustion pattern may not be identical with respect to the types of the biomass. PKS was the very good fuel with high calorific value, but contains some chloride. Wood chips also were a good fuel property cleaner than coal in terms of emission gas. The rice straw, however was not good enough to use as a fuel.