This study has conducted greenhouse gas emission reduction test as using Oyster-shells originated PCC paper filler compare to non-Oyster shells used PCC. This examination was estimated and calculated in accordance with both IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBSCD). The greenhouse gas emission reduction estimation result indicates that, when oyster shells are recycled and used as paper filler, it reduces 27.97 tCO2 per 100 ton of oyster shells. It is greenhouse gas emission 44.27 tCO2 from PCC production changed to carbon emission reduction when replaced with oyster shell. LNG greenhouse gas emission 16.3 tCO2 in relation to the pre-treatment with oyster shell per 100 ton is also reflected. As a result, it is assumed that roughly 0.2797 tCO2/oyster shell·ton.

Aluminum can is one of the common and economically valuable recycling items in municipal waste streams. In this study, the reduction rate of the greenhouse gas emission and energy savings were estimated when aluminum cans are recycled by using material flow analysis, US EPA WARM method, and EU Prognos method. Based on the results, approximately 16,630 ton of aluminum in 2010 was recovered as ingot, while 10,873 ton of aluminum can to can recycling occurred in the same year. The reduction rate of aluminum recycling was estimated to be 240,986 tCO2eq/yr by US EPA WARM method, while about 305,283 tCO2eq/yr was found by the recycling using EU Prognos method. The difference resulted partly from the different system boundary and the loss rate during aluminum recycling process. The results of the energy savings and greenhouse gas reduction rate would be valuable for waste management policy makers to estimate the potential reduction rate of greenhouse gas by aluminum can recycling and accelerate recycling infrastructure of waste streams. This study also implies that the applications and results of both methods to estimate greenhouse gas reduction rates by aluminum can recycling should be carefully reviewed and acknowledged before the use of the method due to the different assumptions and results that are anticipated.

This study was performed to prediction of generation and estimation of recycling value on waste artificial turf. The artificial turf consist of a different components by playground type, and combined of plastic, silica, and rubber materials. The weight per unit area of artificial turf is about 67.5% of the silica that is the highest, and infill rubber powder, pile, backing in order. As the result of investigation on artificial turf installation area from 2003 to 2012, the school playground is the largest portion because the development business plan of variety school grounds by government. And installed artificial turf will be discharge as the end of lifespan from 2011 to 2020. As the results of generation prediction by trend analysis, logarithmic function was estimated the most optimum method among the trend analysis. If 86.9% is recycled by Case II, the valuable materials of waste artificial turf was estimated that an annual average of about 2,990 tons of pile, about 2,177 tons of backing, about 52,803 tons of quartz sand, and about 20,241 tons of infill rubber powder in 2021 ~ 2040, respectively. It was evaluated to efficient recycling method of waste artificial turf that separated into the fabric and infill materials through first screening, and then infill materials separated into the silica and rubber powder through second screening.

This paper presents the estimation of actual recyclable amounts and the evaluation of waste oil recycling processes atrecycling facilities using material flow analysis (MFA). The estimation of actual recycling rates through the processes ofwaste lubricating oils is a very important subject not only in the point of view oil recycling efficiency by energy conversionprocesses but also in the perspective of the recycling technology level. In this study, the recycling processes and recyclingrates of waste lubricating oil recycling facilities were evaluated by using a MFA approach, a total of 10 site visits anda total of 30 site questionnaires in Korea. The MFA methodology based on mass balance approach applied to identifythe inputs and outputs of waste oils during the recycling processes at waste oil recycling facilities. It is necessary todetermine the composition and flows of the input materials to be recycled and foreign substances in a waste recyclingfacility. A complete understanding of the waste flows in the processes along with the site visit and data surveys for therecycling facilities was required to develop a material flow for the processes and determine the process yield by differenttreatment methods (chemical distillation, vacuum distillation and high temperature pyrolysis). The results show that onaverage the process yields for chemical distillation, vacuum distillation, and high temperature pyrolysis were 89.9±7.7%,77.9±16.1%, and 57.9±9.3%, respectively. During the chemical distillation method, water in waste oils was a majorfraction (>50%), while the vacuum distillation method resulted oil large amounts of oil sludge produced during therecycling process. The process yields for different treatment methods depended upon several factors including the qualityof incoming waste oils, the type and operating conditions of recycling processes that are applied to. Based on the materialflow analysis in this study, the actual recycled amount of waste oil was estimated to be approximately 260,809 ton in 2011.