With the enhancement of people’s awareness of green consumption, green barriers have played a more and more important role in Global trade and become an important trick for countries to implement trade protection. In the aspect of China’s textile export to the United States, the United States has set strict environmental standards through green barriers to restrict China’s textiles and their products from entering the domestic market, which has caused many obstacles to the development of China’s textile trade. Firstly, this paper introduces the definition, characteristics, forms and mechanism of green trade barriers in detail to form an overall personal cognition. Secondly, it analyzes the current situation of China US textile trade by using the data of China US textile trade in recent years. Then, using the SWOT theory analysis method, this paper studies the opportunities and challenges, advantages and disadvantages faced by China’s textile industry exports at home and abroad under the green trade barriers, and puts forward countermeasures to overcome the green barriers from the perspectives of the government and textile enterprises, hoping that China’s textile industry will change into a green industry and take the road of green sustainable development.