국내의 다양한 지역에서 수집한 19 야생버섯균주를 이용하여 배지조성인 참나무 톱밥과 밀기울을 부피비율 7:3 으로 병재배 650 g/1,100 ml에서 자실체를 생산하였다, 시험한 19균주중 14균주가 원기를 형성하였으며 자실체를 생산 할 수 있었으며 대조품종 노루1, 2호의 병당 75 g보다 KFRI349, KFRI1091, KFRI1093은 병당 120 g 이상으로 높은 수확량을 나타내었다. 자실체 색형은 백색과 핑크색으로 나눌 수 있었으며 침의 형태에 따라 고드름형과 산호형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 전자현미경(SEM)에 의한 노루궁뎅이버섯의 담자기, 포자, 침의 형태를 포함한 자실체 미세구조를 관찰 하였으며 UFP-PCR분석으로 균 주간의 PCR다형성밴드가 검출되어 4 그룹으로 분류 할 수 있었으며 높은 유전적 다양성을 확인 할 수 있었다.

노루궁뎅이버섯의 국내 야생수집 18 균주와 재배종 ‘노루1호’, ‘노루2호’ 품종의 PDA배지에서 균사체 배양적 특성은 갈색색소생산, 기중균사형, 분지균사형으로 분류되었으며 KFRI 509, KFRI 1091, KFRI 1093, KFRI 1623의 균사생장율이 ‘노루1호’, ‘노루2호’보다 20% 이상 높았다. Ethanol 60%추출물이 페놀함량과 DPPH와 ABTS라디칼 소거능이 농도 의존적으로 가장 높았다. 노루궁뎅이버섯 수집 균주의 항산화활성은 KFRI 507, KFRI 508, KFRI 842, KFRI 1623균주가 재배종 ‘노루1호’, ‘노루2호’와 비교하여 DPPH라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 10%에서 40% 이상 높았으며 ABTS라디칼 소거능은 추출물 0.125 mg/ml를 기준으로 ‘노루1호’, ‘노루2호’보다 30%에서 60% 이상 높은 활성을 보였다.

Hericium erinaceus (HE) is an edible mushroom to exhibit several biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. This study focuses on the antioxidant potential of HE as extraction solvents. HE was extracted with ethanol (HEE) and water (HEW) in order to observe the change of the extraction amount of the active ingredient. Total polyphenol content (TPC) analyses were performed to decide the active ingredient contents of HEE and HEW. Moreover, 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) and 1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were conducted to compare the antioxidant activities of HEE and HEW extracts. As a result, TPC (7.08 ± 0.08 g GAE/kg extract) of HEE was found significantly higher as compared to HEW (4.94 ± 0.02 g GAE/kg extract). The IC50 values based on the ABTS for HEE (471.47 ± 20.38 μg/ml) was generally stronger showing potential antioxidant properties compared to HEW (606.97 ± 1.04 μg/ml). On the other hand, DPPH radical scavenging activity showed no significant change in HEE and HEW extracts. These results demonstrated that ethanol extracts from HE could be useful as an antioxidative functional ingredients.

생육실 내·외부 환경조건과 종균 배양 및 자실체 특성검 정 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 먼저, 종균 배양이 외부 온도의 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 배양실의 환경 조건(22oC, 65-68%, 700-1,200 ppm)을 일 정하게 하여도 외부 기온이 낮고, 건조해지는 1월(동절기) 에는 16-18일 가량 늦은 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 외부 기후에 따라 생육실 내부 환경이 영향을 받 아, 자실체 생장이 느리고 발생 형태가 다른 것을 확인하 였다. 동일한 조건(18±1oC, 85-95%, 700-1,200ppm)을 설 정한 생육실에서 재배한 버섯이 수량(무게), 길이(크기) 모두 1월에 수확한 버섯이 3월에 수확한 버섯에 비해 작 은 수치임을 확인하였고, 경도가 작아 품질 면에서도 양 호하지 못함을 확인하였다. 이는 1월 외부의 영하의 저온 과 60% 이하의 저습에 의해 생육실 내부 환경이 변화하 여 일어난 현상임을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 버섯의 특성은 일정 시일이 지난 후 외부 기후를 보완하여 실내 환경을 조절하여도 개선되지 않음을 확인하였다. 일정 기간이 지 난 후의 조치는 균의 노후화만 진행시켜 색만 변화할 뿐 크기가 커지거나 침이 형성되지 않았다. 그러므로 환경 스트레스를 받지 않도록 미리 예방하는 것이 필요하다. 환기와 생육관리를 위해 생육실 내부 환경이 외부로 노출 될 때, 외부 환경이 영향을 미치지 않도록 에어커튼 혹은 보온 커튼을 덧대어 문제가 발생하지 않도록 해야할 것이다. 특히, 동절기와 같이 외부 기온이 낮고, 습도가 낮은 시기에는 특별히 주의가 필요할 것이다.

최근 노루궁뎅이버섯(H. erinaceus)의 다양한 효능에 대한 연구결과가 발표되면서 노루궁뎅이버섯의 소비는 점진적으로 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 노루궁뎅이버섯의 안정적인 생산을 위해 발이유도방법에 따른 버섯발생양상을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 수확기간은 표면상처를 낸 처리구가 상면상처를 낸 처리구보다 빨랐으며, 수확량은 생체중에는 차이가 없었으나 2주기 수확버섯의 건물중에서는 차이가 있었다. 2주기버섯의 재발생률은 T5처리구가 가장 높았으며, 상면처리구보다 표면상처를 낸 처리구에서 재발생률이 높은 것으로 조사되어 현재 노루궁뎅이버섯 재배농가에서 느타리버섯 재배방식에 준하여 시행하고 있는 방식인 상면 균긁기 후 발이를 유도하는 방법은 개선되어야 할 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 노루궁뎅이버섯의 형태적 특징은 T5처리구가 가장 큰 덩어리형태로 생장하여 상품가치가 높다고 판단할 수 있었다.

수집한 46개의 균주를 배양하여 rDNA의 ITS 염기서열 분석으로 유전적 계통분류 한 결과, Heiricum속이 아닌 균 주가 2균주가 있었음을 확인하였다. 본 결과를 바탕으로 효능이 있는 것으로 밝혀진 H.erinaceus와 가까운 유연관 계를 지니는 종들을 위주로 계통별로 균사 생장실험, 자실 체 발생조사 등을 연구할 예정이다. 또한 H.erinaceus은 아니지만, 생리활성효능이 뛰어난 종의 유무를 테스트하여 기존의 품종보다 효능 면에서 뛰어난 균주를 선발 교잡할 예정이다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 우수품종을 선발하여 최 적 환경조건 테스트까지 거친다면 노루궁뎅이 버섯 소비 시장 구축에 도움이 되리라 생각된다.

Mushrooms are considered not only as food but also for source of physiologically beneficial medicines. The culinarymedicinal mushrooms may important role in the prevention of age-associated neurological dysfunctions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), is edible mushrooms, is a parasitic fungus that grows hanging off of logs and trees and well established candidate for brain and nerve health. H. erinaceus contains high amounts of antioxidants, beta-glucan, polysaccharides and a potent catalyst for brain tissue regeneration and helps to improve memory and cognitive functions. Its fruiting bodies and the fungal mycelia exhibit various pharmacological activities, including the enhancement of the immune system, antitumor, hypoglycemic and anti-aging properties. H. erinaceus stimulates the synthesis of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) which is the primary protein nutrient responsible for enhancing and repairing neurological disorders. Especially hericenones and erinacines isolated from its fruitin body stimulate NGF, synthesis. This fungus is also utilized to regulate blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. H. erinaceus can be considered as useful therapeutic agents in the management and/or treatment of neurodegeneration diseases. However, this review focuses on in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials for neurodegerative disease.

Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity on PC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The moisture content of freeze dried hot water extract was 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of carbohydrate (51.24%) followed by crude protein (24.04%), crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09), and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inorganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluated under microscopic observation of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of induvidual cell. The extract exhibited strong effect of neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased.

Hot water soluble extract was prepared from Hericium erinaceus and its neuritogenic activity on PC12h cells was analyzed, which is a clone originating from a rat pheochromocytomon. The freeze dried hot water extract showed a moisture content of 12.08%. The extract was mainly composed of crude protein (24.04%) followed by crude fat (0.26%), dietary fiber (5.09%,) carbohydrate (51.24%) and ash (12.18%). Fatty acids, glucan and inorganic constituents were found as minor components. The neuritogenic activity of hot water extract was evaluated under microscope by monitoring of neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells and by measuring the neurite length of induvidual cells. The extract exhibited strong induction neurite outgrowth in a does-dependent manner from 0.01 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml, in which longer neurite outgrowth was observed as the treatment dose increased. The result was compared similar effect of nerve growth factor(NGF) on tested cells.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Hericium erinaceus extract on the Anti- inflammatory and Anti-bacterial. To investigate in vitro Anti-bacterial activity assay, hot water extracts of Hericium erinaceus carried out using a broth micro-dillution method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidlines(Citron and Hecht, 2003; Jorgensen and Turnidge, 2003). In the next experiment, to investigate anti-inflammatory test, the RAW 264.7 macrophage, cells was cultured using DMEM including the 10% FBS. Hericium erinaceus extract has the effects of anti-inflammation and, which may be due to its inhibitory potential on the macrophage activation. Furthermore, Hericium erinaceus extract has the anti-bacterial effects through the inhibitory Propionibacterium acnes(P. acnes) and periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Fusobacterium nucleatum and Tannerella forsythia. The above results suggest that Hericium erinaceus hot water extract could be applicable for improvement of several inflammatory disease.

Neurotrophic factors are essential to maintain and organize neurons functionally; thereby neurotrophic factor-like substances or their inducers are expected to be applied to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke. In the present study, we firstly examined the effects of ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus (HE, Yamabushitake), on nerve growth factor expression in neuronal cells. HE extract promoted NGF expression in a brain tissue. Here we assessed neuroprotective effects of HE with a transient global cerebral ischemia model. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding both common carotid arteries. Treatment with HE was initiated after ischemia induction and given once a day for 7 consecutive days. Neuronal cell loss in CA1 of hippocampus was significantly decreased and the performance in the Morris water maze was significantly improved in rats administered HE. We conclude that treatment with HE attenuated learning and memory deficits, motor functional disability, and neuronal cell loss induced by global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that HE may be a potential candidate for the treatment of vascular dementia.

Hericium erinaceus is considered a functional food and potential medicinal source. The present study was conducted to examine the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of carried out with water and ethanol extracts of Hericium erinaceus grown on germinated green rice (HEGR-W and HEGR-E, respectively) and the water and ethanol extracts of germinated green rice (GR-W and GR-E, respectively) as potential medicinal resources or antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Methods and Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH, and ABTS activity, reducing power, DNA protective activity, cell viability, and NO production were investigated. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highest in HEGR-E (66.53 ± 2.40 ㎎·GAE/100 g and 82.12 ± 7.10 ㎎·CE/100 g respectively). HEGR-E exhibited high DPPH (44.70 ± 1.28%) and, ABTS (44.70 ± 1.28%) activity and reducing power (0.219). HEGR and GR extracts showed protective activity against DNA damage. The cytotoxicity of HEGR and GR in RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was low. HEGR-E and GR-W exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through a 28% inhibition of NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggested that the extracts of Hericium erinaceus grown on germinated green rice could be a potential medicinal material with natural antioxidant and NO inhibitory properties.